Navigate Test Prep- EMT Questions With Complete Solutions

Which of the following statements regarding one-rescuer CPR is correct? A: Ventilations should be delivered over a period of 2 to 3 seconds. B: The chest should be allowed to fully recoil after each compression. C: A compression to ventilation ratio of 15:2 should be delivered. D: You should assess the patient for a pulse after 3 cycles of CPR. correct answer: *B. The chest should be allowed to fully recoil after each compression.* When performing CPR on any patient, you should allow the chest to fully recoil after each compression. Incomplete chest recoil causes increased intrathoracic pressure, which may impair blood return to the heart. Assess the patient's pulse after every 5 cycles (about 2 minutes) of CPR; take no longer than 5 to 10 seconds to do this. A compression to ventilation ratio of 30:2 should be performed during all adult and one-rescuer CPR (adult, child, and infant), except for newborns. A compression to ventilation ratio of 15:2 is used during two-rescuer infant and child CPR. Ventilations should be delivered over a period of 1 second each, just enough to produce visible chest rise. You are at the scene where a man panicked while swimming in a small lake. Your initial attempt to rescue him should include: A: rowing a small raft to the victim. B: reaching for the victim with a long stick. C: throwing a rope to the victim. D: swimming to the victim to rescue him. correct answer: *B. reaching for the victim with a long stick.* General rules to follow when attempting to rescue a patient from the water include "reach, throw, row, and then go." In this case, you should attempt to reach the victim by having him grab hold of a large stick or similar object. If this is unsuccessful, throw the victim a rope or flotation device (if available). If these are not available, row to the patient in a small raft (if available). Going into the water to retrieve the victim is a last resort. The rescuer must be a strong swimmer because patients who are in danger of drowning are in a state of blind panic and will make every attempt to keep themselves afloat, even if it means forcing the rescuer underwater. During your assessment of an unresponsive adult female, you determine that she is apneic. You should: A: assess for a carotid pulse. B: begin chest compressions. C: deliver two rescue breaths. D: place an oropharyngeal airway. correct answer: *A. assess for a carotid pulse.* As soon as you determine that an adult patient is apneic or only has agonal gasps, you should assess for a carotid pulse for at least 5 seconds but no more than 10 seconds. If the patient has a pulse, provide rescue breathing at a rate of 10 to 12 breaths/min (one breath every 5 to 6 seconds). If the patient does not have a pulse, perform 30 chest compressions and then open the airway and deliver 2 rescue breaths. When managing a patient who is in cardiac arrest, it is critical to minimize interruptions in chest compressions and to avoid delays in starting chest compressions. After starting CPR, apply the AED as soon as one is available. An airway adjunct should also be inserted as soon as possible. Which of the following patients is the BEST candidate for an oropharyngeal airway? A: A semiconscious patient who ingested a large quantity of aspirin B: An unresponsive trauma patient with blood draining from the nose C: An unresponsive patient with uncontrolled oropharyngeal bleeding D: Any patient that you suspect of being acutely hypoxemic correct answer: *B. An unresponsive trauma patient with blood draining from the nose* The oropharyngeal airway is used to keep the tongue off of the posterior pharynx and is indicated for unresponsive patients without a gag reflex. If an unresponsive patient has severe, uncontrolled oropharyngeal bleeding, your priority is to suction his or her airway in order to prevent aspiration and transport rapidly. Semiconscious patients typically have a gag reflex, although it may be somewhat depressed. Oxygen should be administered to any patient with suspected hypoxemia. Which of the following statements regarding ventricular fibrillation (V-Fib) is correct? A: Patients in V-Fib should be defibrillated after every 60 seconds of CPR. B: Any patient in V-Fib must receive CPR for 2 minutes prior to defibrillation. C: Loss of consciousness occurs within minutes after the onset of V-Fib. D: In V-Fib, the heart is not pumping any blood and the patient is pulseless. correct answer: *D. In V-Fib, the heart is not pumping any blood and the patient is pulseless.* Ventricular fibrillation (V-Fib) is a disorganized, ineffective quivering of the heart muscle. No blood is pumped through the body and the patient is pulseless. Loss of consciousness occurs within seconds following the onset of V-Fib. Patients in V-Fib are treated with high-quality CPR and defibrillation every 2 minutes if needed. When treating a patient in cardiac arrest, whether the patient's arrest was witnessed or unwitnessed, begin immediate CPR and apply the AED as soon as it is available. The appropriate technique for performing two-rescuer CPR on a 4-year-old child includes: A: 30 compressions to 2 ventilations, compressing the chest one third the depth of the chest, and delivering each breath over 1 second. B: 15 compressions to 2 ventilations, compressing the sternum with your thumbs, and delivering at least 100 compressions per minute. C: 15 compressions to 2 ventilations, compressing the sternum with the heel of your hand, and ventilating until visible chest rise occurs. D: 30 compressions to 2 ventilations, compressing the sternum with the heel of both hands, and delivering each breath over 1 to 2 seconds. correct answer: *C. 15 compressions to 2 ventilations, compressing the sternum with the heel of your hand, and ventilating until visible chest rise occurs.* When performing two-rescuer CPR on an infant (less than 1 year of age) or a child (1 year of age to the onset of puberty [12 to 14 years of age]), use a compression to ventilation ratio of 15:2. Compress the chest one-third the depth of the chest (about 1 1/2" for infants; about 2" for children), at a rate of at least 100/min, and allow the chest to fully recoil in between compressions. Deliver each breath over 1 second, just enough to produce visible chest rise, and allow complet