Intro to Psychology Final Exam questions and answers 2023 updated & verified already graded A+(VERIFIED FOR ACCURACY)

The birth of psychology is often attributed to Wilhelm Wundt because he pioneered the investigation of mental processes using A. genome mapping. B. an evolutionary perspective. C. a biopsychosocial perspective. D. scientific experiments. D Who was a student of William James and the first female president of the American Psychological Association? A. Rosalie Rayner B. Jean Piaget C. Heather Kelly D. Mary Whiton Calkins D The view that psychology should be an objective science that studies observable human activity without reference to mental processes is known as A. cognitive neuroscience. B. positive psychology. C. behaviorism. D. humanistic psychology. C Humanistic psychologists focused attention on the importance of people's A. unconscious thought processes. B. childhood memories. C. genetic predispositions. D. potential for healthy growth. D Which major force in psychology emphasized unconscious thought processes? A. Freudian psychology B. behavioral genetics C. Christian psychology D. evolutionary psychology A Cognitive psychology involved a renewal of interest in the scientific study of A. hereditary influences. B. unconscious drives. C. mental processes. D. reinforced behaviors. C The nature vs. nurture issue refers to the debate over the relative contributions that ________ make to the development of psychological traits. A. behavior and mental processes B. unconscious and conscious motives C. massed practice and spaced practice D. genes and experience D Which perspective is more likely to study the impact of strokes and brain diseases? A. neuroscience B. psychodynamic C. behavioral D. evolutionary A Professor Crisman believes that most women prefer tall and physically strong partners because this preference promoted the survival of our ancestors' genes. This viewpoint best illustrates the ________ perspective. A. evolutionary B. biblical C. cognitive-behavioral D. psychodynamic A Mrs. Alfieri believes that her husband's angry outbursts against her result from his unconscious hatred of his own mother. Mrs. Alfieri is looking at her husband's behavior from a(n) ________ perspective. A. psychodynamic B. behavioral C. evolutionary D. neuroscience A Dr. Wilson attributes the delinquent behavior of many teens to the peer pressure associated with being members of street gangs. Her account best illustrates a(n) ________ perspective. A. behavioral genetics B. evolutionary C. socio-cultural D. cognitive C The hindsight bias refers to people's tendency to A. overestimate the extent to which others share their opinions. B. exaggerate their own ability to have foreseen an outcome. C. reject any ideas that can't be scientifically tested. D. dismiss the value of replication. B The fact that the same individual won the New Jersey lottery on two separate occasions best illustrates A. the placebo effect. B. the hindsight bias. C. the double-blind procedure. D. a random outcome. D Three key attitudes of scientific inquiry are A. certainty, creativity, and curiosity. B. skepticism, cynicism, and criticism. C. pride, enthusiasm, and ingenuity. D. curiosity, skepticism, and humility. D Assessing whether conclusions are warranted by the existing evidence is an example of A. naturalistic observation. B. the double-blind procedure. C. critical thinking. D. the placebo effect. C Professor Delano proposes that because people are especially attracted to those who are good-looking, handsome men will be more successful than average-looking men in getting a job. The professor's prediction is an example of A. a testable hypothesis. B. a confounding variable. C. the hindsight bias. D. a gender role stereotype. A To learn about the TV viewing habits of all the children attending Oakbridge School, Professor DeVries randomly selected and interviewed 50 of the school's students. In this instance, all the children attending the school are considered to be a(n) A. independent variable. B. control condition. C. representative sample. D. population. D Which of the following methods is most helpful for clarifying cause-effect relationships? A. naturalistic observation B. the experiment C. the survey D. a correlation B To learn about the TV viewing habits of all the children attending Oakbridge School, Professor DeVries randomly selected and interviewed 50 of the school's students. In this instance, the 50 interviewed children are considered to be a(n) A. population. B. independent variable. C. representative sample. D. control condition C Margaret Floy Washburn set a major precedent for women psychologists. She ______ A. Was the first woman to publish an empirical study of schizophrenia. B. Was the first female president of the APA. C. Was the first woman to receive a Ph.D. in Psychology. D. Once made dinner for Sigmund Freud. C Jimmy Dean wants study how long his consumers feel full after eating some of his delicious processed meats. He decides that he should measure "fullness" by recording how long his participants take before having another meal after eating his product. This is called a(n): A. independent review. B. operational definition. C. hypothesis. D. statistical analysis. B The New York Times published a study showing that U.S. counties with high gun ownership also have high murder rates. Based on this data we can: A. Conclude that gun ownership causes more murder B. Conclude that high murder rates cause people to buy more guns C. Assume that there is NO cause-effect relationship between guns and murder D. Predict future murder rates based on gun ownership D Spongebob Squarepants wants to test the effect of visualization on his ability to hold his breath in Sandy's house. He decides to visualize a calm peaceful scene for five minutes before entering her home to see if this will help him hold his breath longer than normal. In this experiment visualization is the______, and time spent holding breath is the_______. A. Independent Variable; Extraneous Variable B. Independent Variable; Dependent Variable C. Confounding Variable; Independent Variable D. Dependent Variable; Independent Variable B Thinking, memory, perception, language, attitudes, and visual processing all operate with a two-track mind. This means that some things operate through conscious, effortful thinking, while at the same time our brain is processing information: A. in ways that can't be measured by modern technologies. B. easily and creatively. C. unconsciously and automatically. D. inaccurately with biases. C Marty, a clinical psychologist, believes that human flourishing is the most important thing to study in research. He is aligned most closely with: A. Clinical Psychology. B. Positive Psychology. C. Christian Psychology. D. Neuropsychology. B To demonstrate that brain stimulation can make one rat attack another rat, a neuroscientist should electrically stimulate the rat's A. cerebellum. B. amygdala C. medulla. D. reticular formation. B MOST of the signals neurons receive are _____; others are the opposite, or _____. A. excitatory; inhibitory B. empowering; frustrating C. excitatory; refractory D. inhibitory; excitatory A Neurotransmitter is to _____ as neural receptor site is to _____. A. Dog; Cat B. Key; Lock C. Food; Body D. Telegram; Internet B This bushy, branching extension of a neuron receives messages and conducts impulses toward the cell body. A. cell body B. dendrite C. axon D. myelin sheath B These cells in the nervous system support, nourish, and protect neurons. A. Motor neurons B. Glial cells C. Frontal lobe D. Cerebral cortex B The neurons that carry outgoing information from the central nervous system to the body's muscles and glands are the: A. ionic neurons. B. sensory neurons. C. motor neurons. D. interneurons. C Cherise is babysitting for her two-year-old nephew for the first time. While her back is turned, he touches his index finger to the pan she just took out of the oven. He pulls his finger away quickly, and a few seconds later begins to scream. Why is his screaming delayed in comparison to pulling away his finger? A. He knew he would get in trouble if he started screaming, so he held it in as lon B. It takes longer to feel something than to understand the consequences of an act C. His parasympathetic system was activated to arouse him, which stifled his vocal D. The hand-withdrawal reflex involves only the spinal cord, so it takes time befor D Neural stimulation that exceeds a threshold triggers A. an action potential. B. neurogenesis. C. excitation. D. cell death. A Acetylcholine (Ach) is a neurotransmitter that A. enables muscle contractions. B. reduces pain. C. causes sleepiness. D. lessens depression. A Messages are transmitted from your spinal cord to muscles in your hands by the ________ nervous system. A. central B. sympathetic C. autonomic D. peripheral D Schizophrenia is most closely linked with an overabundance of the neurotransmitter A. GABA. B. serotonin. C. dopamine. D. epinephrine. C The part of the peripheral nervous system that controls the glands and the muscles of the internal organs is called the A. somatic nervous system. B. autonomic nervous system. C. limbic system. D. reticular formation. B The release of hormones by the adrenal glands is most likely to trigger A. heightened sex drive. B. the "fight-or-flight" response. C. a reward deficiency syndrome. D. a reduction of blood pressure B The master gland of the endocrine system is the A. adrenal gland. B. thyroid gland. C. pituitary gland. D. pancreas. C Which brain structure receives information from all the senses except smell? A. amygdala B. thalamus C. pons D. hippocampus B Like two scales balancing each other out, these components of the peripheral nervous system regulate arousal and relaxation so we can remain in a state of homeostasis.They are the: A. Autonomic and Somatic B. Nervous & Endocrine C. Peripheral & Central D. Sympathetic & Parasympatheic D Janine is in the ICU after having a stroke in her brain. A neurologist examined her and found that she has severe abnormalities experiencing emotions and drives. He concludes that the stroke must have damaged which part of her brain? A. Limbic System B. Adrenal System C. Cerebral Cortex D. Brainstem A Patricia is an ER doctor working at a nearby hospital. During one of her shifts, a patient presents with a traumatic brain injury (TBI). The patient is complaining that he cannot see. Patricia concludes that the TBI must have occurred in which part of the brain? A. Frontal lobe B. Temporal lobe C. Parietal lobe D. Occipital lobe D The large, slow brain waves associated with sleep are called: A. sleep spindles. B. alpha waves. C. REM. D. delta waves. D Chronic sleep deprivation is most likely to contribute to: A. weight loss. B. decreased blood pressure. C. increased creativity. D. immune system weakness. D Drivers detect traffic signals more slowly if they are also talking on the phone. This best illustrates the impact of: A. men's inability to multitask. B. consciousness. C. low intelligence. D. selective attention. D Bright light affects a person's feelings of sleepiness by increasing or decreasing the brain's production of: A. endorphin. B. melatonin. C. MDMA. D. dopamine. B A teacher is trying to convince a group of parents that their children need more sleep. Which sleep theory would she best use to convince them? A. Sleep aids in the restoration and repair of brain tissue. B. Our memories of the day and things we learned are restored while sleeping. C. All of these are good reasons for children to get more sleep. D. The pituitary gland releases growth hormones while we are sleeping. C Who would be the most likely to suffer from sleepwalking? A. a man over 40 with a high stress level. B. a child with an identical twin who sleepwalks. C. a teen with shallow and short sleep periods. D. None of these are more likely to sleepwalk. B Amal is an advocate for increased awareness for motorcycles. When he speaks to groups, he shares a personal story about how he was hit by a car while riding his motorcycle. The driver of the car later said that he was looking for two headlights but did not see his motorcycle's one headlight. This illustrates the phenomenon of: A. hindsight bias. B. narcolepsy. C. change blindness. D. inattentional bias. D Professor McClure believes that young children are able to make moral decisions because humans are endowed with innate moral intuitions. His belief is most consistent with the views of: A. the Bible. B. Jean Piaget. C. Jonathan Haidt. D. Lawrence Kohlberg. C Nutrients and oxygen are transferred from a mother to her developing fetus through the: A. embryo. B. ovaries. C. uterus. D. placenta. D _____ are agents such as chemicals and viruses that can reach the embryo or fetus and cause it harm. A. Androgens B. Teratogens C. Microbes D. Fluids B When a baby's cheek is touched, the baby will turn toward the touch and open his or her mouth in search of a nipple. This is known as the _____ reflex. A. rooting B. grasping C. milking D. swallowing A Because of complications from diabetes, Molly's pregnancy resulted in a miscarriage at 12 weeks. In what stage of prenatal development was the baby? A. zygote B. embryo C. gonad D. fetus D Marissa resents the burden and constraints of caring for her infant daughter. She frequently ignores her daughter's cries for attention. As a consequence, her daughter may display signs of: A. insecure attachment. B. secure attachment. C. egocentrism. D. accommodation. A Ty's parents divorced when he was 5 years old. His father moved out of state, and his mother is busy trying to keep a roof over their heads. Ty is now 13 and has been getting into some minor troubles with school and with the law. Despite this, his mother still allows Ty to come and go when he wishes, she rarely if ever punishes him, and she gives into whatever he wants. She feels guilty about the divorce and that he does not have a father. Some psychologists would say that Ty's mother has this type of parenting style. A. authoritarian. B. permissive. C. detached. D. authoritative. B This famous experiment by _____ involved rearing monkeys with two artificial mothers. A. Harry Harlow B. Erik Erikson C. Jean Piaget D. Mary Ainsworth A 5-year-old Otto complained to his mother that the pizza was not big enough. Otto's mom cut the pizza into smaller slices, thus making Otto happy as he believed the pizza had become larger. Otto lacks the concept of: A. egocentrism. B. conservation. C. assimilation. D. object permanence. B According to Jean Piaget, object permanence and stranger anxiety develop during this stage of cognitive development. A. sensorimotor B. formal operational C. preoperational D. concrete operational A When children adapt their current understandings to incorporate their new experience, this is known as: A. assimilation. B. theory of mind. C. conservation. D. accommodation. D During this stage of Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development, children are able to represent things with words and images and use intuitive rather than logical reasoning. A. concrete operational B. sensorimotor C. preoperational D. formal operational C A child's realization that others may have beliefs different from their own best illustrates the development of: A. stranger anxiety. B. a theory of mind. C. secure attachment. D. egocentrism. B