Psychology Final Exam Study Guide questions and answers(verified for accuracy)

Criteria for determining if a behavior represents Psychopathology - Does the person act in a way that deviates from cultural norms for acceptable behavior? - Is the behavior maladaptive? (interfering with activities) - Is the behavior self-destructive? - Does the behavior cause discomfort and concern to others? Depression and anxiety example of comorbidity Diathesis-stress model a diagnostic model that proposes that a disorder may develop when an underlying vulnerability is coupled with a precipitating event A therapy that incorporates techniques from cognitive therapy and behavior therapy to correct faulty thinking and change maladaptive behaviors example of a cognitive-behavioral approach to treating psychological disorders symptoms of a panic attack - Sweat and tremble - Feel his or her heart racing - Experience shortness of breath - Feel chest pain - Feel dizzy and light-headed, with numbness and tingling in their hands and feet Specific phobia People are diagnosed with specific phobia based on the object or situation of fear. Obsessive-compulsive disorder A disorder characterized by frequent intrusive thoughts and compulsive action Major depressive disorder A disorder characterized by severe negative moods or a lack of interest in normally pleasurable activities Bipolar I disorder A disorder characterized by extremely elevated moods during manic episodes and, frequently, depressive episodes as well Bipolar II disorder A disorder characterized by alternating periods of extremely depressed and mildly elevated moods Dissociative fugue The rarest and most extreme form of dissociative amnesia that involves a loss of identity; involves travel to another location and sometimes the assumption of a new identity Dissociative identity disorder The occurrence of two or more distinct identities in the same individual Positive symptoms of schizophrenia excesses in functioning, such as delusions, hallucinations, and disorganized speech or behavior Negative symptoms of of schizophrenia deficits in functioning, such as apathy, lack of emotion, and slowed speech and movement Hallucinations false sensory perceptions that are experienced without an external source (frequently auditory, but they can also be visual, olfactory, or somatosensory) Biological therapies treatment of psychological disorders based on medical approaches to disease (what is wrong with the body) and to illness (what a person feels as a result) Psychopharmacology the use of medications that affect brain or body functions Client-centered therapy an empathic approach to therapy; it encourages people to fulfill their individual potentials for personal growth through greater self understanding create a safe and comforting setting Therapists strive to _______________ for clients to access their true feeling, to be empathic and to accept the client through unconditional positive regard Exposure how a behavior therapist is likely to treat a phobia Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) a procedure that involves administering a strong electrical current to the patient's brain to produce a seizure; it is effective for severe depression Cognitive behavioral therapy which treatment has the most empirical support for the treatment of most anxiety disorders Phobias which disorder can be treated using virtual reality technology Exposure and response prevention specific kind of exposure strategy used to treat obsessive-compulsive disorder depression disorder is treated with transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) lithium most effective treatment for bipolar disorder