NCLEX Questions-Theories of Growth and Development Questions And Rationales 2023

NCLEX Questions-Theories of Growth and Development Questions And Rationales 2023 The clinic nurse is preparing to discuss the concepts of Kohlberg's theory of moral development with a parent. What motivates good and bad actions for the child at the preconventional level. 1. Peer pressure 2. Social pressure 3. Parents' behavior 4. Punishment and reward - ANS-4. Rationale-In the preconventional stage, morals are thought to be motivated by punishment and reward. If the child is obedient and is not punished, then the child is being moral. The child sees actions as good or bad. If the child's actions are good, the child is praised. If the child's actions are bad, the child is punished. Options 1, 2, and 3 are incorrect for this stage of moral development. The maternity nurse is providing instructions to a new mother regarding the psychosocial development of the newborn infant. Using Erikson's psychosocial development theory, the nurse instructs the mother to take which measure? 1. Allow the newborn infant to signal a need 2. Anticipate all the needs of the newborn infant 3. Attend to the newborn infant immediately when crying 4. Avoid the newborn indant during the first 10 minutes of crying. - ANS-1. RationaleAccording to Erikson, the caregiver should not try to anticipate the newborn infant's needs at all times but must allow the newborn to signal needs. If a newborn infant is not allowed to signal a need, the newborn will not learn how to control the environment. Erikson believed that a delayed or prolonged response to a newborn infant's signal would inhibit the development of trust and lead to mistrust of others. The mother of a 4-year-old child calls the clinic nurse and expresses concern because the child has been masturbating. Using Freud's psychosexual stages of development, the nurse should make which response? 1. "This is a normal behavior at this age" 2. "Children usually begin this behavior at age 8 years" 3. "The child is very young to begin this behavior and should be brought to the clinic" 4. "This is not normal behavior, and the child should be seen by the health care provider" - ANS-1. Rationale-According to Freud's psychosexual stages of development, between the ages of 3 and 6 the child is in the phallic stage. At this time, the child devotes much energy to examining his or her genitalia, masturbating, and expressing interest in sexual concerns. Therefore options 2, 3, and 4 are incorrect. Continues...