CNPR, NAPSR Exam
Margin of safety>>> the difference between the usual effective dose and the dose that induces severe or
life threatening side effects
Rights of drug administration>>> right patient, right medication, right does, right route of
administration, and right time of delivery
Injection routes>>> intramuscular, intrathecal, intravenous, subcutaneous
intramuscular>>> drugs given by direct injection into muscle tissue
intrathecal>>> needle is inserted between to vertebrea in the lower spine an into space around the
spinal cord
intravenous>>> injected directly into the veins
subcutaneous>>> needle inserted into the fatty tissue just beneath the skin
Bioavailablility>>> how quickly and how much of a drug reaches its intended target site of action
Bioequivalent>>> when drugs contain not only the same active ingredients but also produce virtually the
same blood levels over time
Therapeutic equivalence>>> production of the same medicinal effects
Areas of drug elimination and excretion>>> Lungs, breast milk, sweat tears urine feces, bile, saliva, and
exhaled air
medication error>>> failure to administer drug in the correct form
Powders>>> a drug that is dried and ground into fine particles
pills>>> a single dose unit of medicine made by mixing the powdered drug with liquid such as syrup and
rolling it into a round or oval shape
granules>>> a small pill usually accompanied usually accompanied by many others encased within a
gelatin capsule; quite often releasing medication over time
tablet>>> pharmaceutical preparation made by compressing the powdered for of a drug and bulk filling
material under high pressure; commonly used for anti acids and antiflatulents
Capsules>>> medication dosage form in which the drug is contained in an external shell; can be pulled
apart for access to contents
,sustained release>>> several doses of a drug in special coatings that dissolve at different rates
Enteric Coating>>> dosage in special coating that doesn't digest in the stomach; only starts to digest in
the intestines
caplets>>> shaped like a capsule but has the form of a tablet the shape and file make swallowing easier
gel caps>>> an oil based medication that is enclosed in soft gelatin capsule
Emulsion>>> two agents that cannot ordinarily be combined or mixed
otic drugs>>> control localized infections or inflammation and require very low dosages to be effective
Types of drug despensing>>> OTC and prescription
Type A (Augmented) drug reaction>>> exaggeration of the drug's therapeutic effects
Type B (idiosyncratic)>>> results from mechanisms that are not currently understood; largely
unpredictable
Type C (continuing or chronic)>>> These persist for a long time
Type D delayed>>> these take some time to develop
Type E end of use>>> These occur during drug withdrawal
Risk Factors>>> Use of several drugs, age, Pregnancy and breast feeding
Excipients>>> inactive ingredients
Parenteral>>> intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous
Rectal>>> suppository
Oral>>> tablet, capsule, liquid
Transdermal>>> through the skin via creams or patches
Binders>>> cement the active and inert components of tablets
Fillers>>> used to make the drug sufficiently large for easy manufacture and consumption
Glidants(flow enhancers)>>> added to powdered materials used in pill production to aid movement
through tabletting machinery
suspending/dispersing agents>>> maintain consistent concentration of the active ingredients
throughout the drug product
disintegrants>>> help break up the tablets int the GI tract
, Lubricants>>> ease the release of the tablets from the dies that stamp them during the manufacturing
process
AUC>>> represents the extent of the drug absorption or the quantity of the drug that appears in the
bloodstream following oral administration
Cmax>>> peak plasma concentration on a measuring curve
First pass effect>>> metabolizing process in the liver that suppresses the amount of drug that eventually
reaches the systemic circulation and the site of action
onset of action>>> the time it takes for a drug to start having any intended affect after it is administered
Protein Binding>>> the ability of certain drugs to bind to plasma protein
QD>>> once a day
QID>>> four times a day
PRN>>> take as needed
TID>>> three times a day
Tmax>>> time of peak plasma concentration on a measuring curve
BID>>> twice a day
Authorized distributor>>> any distributor of a prescription drug that has a written agreement with the
manufacturers of the prescription drug and conducts at least two transactions with the manufacturer of
the prescription drug within any 24-month period
Average whole price (AWP)>>> published whole sale price or list price suggested by the manufacturer
Brokerage>>> the combination of -drop ship and dock to dock delivery services provided by wholesalers.
Wholesalers do not bring the product into their warehouses
Buy-side margin>>> refers to the early payment discounts and other earned or negotiated rebates and
discounts received by wholesalers from drug manufacturers; increase in the value of wholesalers'
inventories ad manufacturers' prices rise
chain drug store>>> a company that owns and operates four or more pharmacies
dock to dock delivery>>> wholesaler obtains the drugs to a dispenser own warehouse without taking the
drugs into its own inventory
drop shipment>>> the drug manufacturer directly delivers the drugs to a dispenser but the order and
payments are made through a wholesaler
Margin of safety>>> the difference between the usual effective dose and the dose that induces severe or
life threatening side effects
Rights of drug administration>>> right patient, right medication, right does, right route of
administration, and right time of delivery
Injection routes>>> intramuscular, intrathecal, intravenous, subcutaneous
intramuscular>>> drugs given by direct injection into muscle tissue
intrathecal>>> needle is inserted between to vertebrea in the lower spine an into space around the
spinal cord
intravenous>>> injected directly into the veins
subcutaneous>>> needle inserted into the fatty tissue just beneath the skin
Bioavailablility>>> how quickly and how much of a drug reaches its intended target site of action
Bioequivalent>>> when drugs contain not only the same active ingredients but also produce virtually the
same blood levels over time
Therapeutic equivalence>>> production of the same medicinal effects
Areas of drug elimination and excretion>>> Lungs, breast milk, sweat tears urine feces, bile, saliva, and
exhaled air
medication error>>> failure to administer drug in the correct form
Powders>>> a drug that is dried and ground into fine particles
pills>>> a single dose unit of medicine made by mixing the powdered drug with liquid such as syrup and
rolling it into a round or oval shape
granules>>> a small pill usually accompanied usually accompanied by many others encased within a
gelatin capsule; quite often releasing medication over time
tablet>>> pharmaceutical preparation made by compressing the powdered for of a drug and bulk filling
material under high pressure; commonly used for anti acids and antiflatulents
Capsules>>> medication dosage form in which the drug is contained in an external shell; can be pulled
apart for access to contents
,sustained release>>> several doses of a drug in special coatings that dissolve at different rates
Enteric Coating>>> dosage in special coating that doesn't digest in the stomach; only starts to digest in
the intestines
caplets>>> shaped like a capsule but has the form of a tablet the shape and file make swallowing easier
gel caps>>> an oil based medication that is enclosed in soft gelatin capsule
Emulsion>>> two agents that cannot ordinarily be combined or mixed
otic drugs>>> control localized infections or inflammation and require very low dosages to be effective
Types of drug despensing>>> OTC and prescription
Type A (Augmented) drug reaction>>> exaggeration of the drug's therapeutic effects
Type B (idiosyncratic)>>> results from mechanisms that are not currently understood; largely
unpredictable
Type C (continuing or chronic)>>> These persist for a long time
Type D delayed>>> these take some time to develop
Type E end of use>>> These occur during drug withdrawal
Risk Factors>>> Use of several drugs, age, Pregnancy and breast feeding
Excipients>>> inactive ingredients
Parenteral>>> intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous
Rectal>>> suppository
Oral>>> tablet, capsule, liquid
Transdermal>>> through the skin via creams or patches
Binders>>> cement the active and inert components of tablets
Fillers>>> used to make the drug sufficiently large for easy manufacture and consumption
Glidants(flow enhancers)>>> added to powdered materials used in pill production to aid movement
through tabletting machinery
suspending/dispersing agents>>> maintain consistent concentration of the active ingredients
throughout the drug product
disintegrants>>> help break up the tablets int the GI tract
, Lubricants>>> ease the release of the tablets from the dies that stamp them during the manufacturing
process
AUC>>> represents the extent of the drug absorption or the quantity of the drug that appears in the
bloodstream following oral administration
Cmax>>> peak plasma concentration on a measuring curve
First pass effect>>> metabolizing process in the liver that suppresses the amount of drug that eventually
reaches the systemic circulation and the site of action
onset of action>>> the time it takes for a drug to start having any intended affect after it is administered
Protein Binding>>> the ability of certain drugs to bind to plasma protein
QD>>> once a day
QID>>> four times a day
PRN>>> take as needed
TID>>> three times a day
Tmax>>> time of peak plasma concentration on a measuring curve
BID>>> twice a day
Authorized distributor>>> any distributor of a prescription drug that has a written agreement with the
manufacturers of the prescription drug and conducts at least two transactions with the manufacturer of
the prescription drug within any 24-month period
Average whole price (AWP)>>> published whole sale price or list price suggested by the manufacturer
Brokerage>>> the combination of -drop ship and dock to dock delivery services provided by wholesalers.
Wholesalers do not bring the product into their warehouses
Buy-side margin>>> refers to the early payment discounts and other earned or negotiated rebates and
discounts received by wholesalers from drug manufacturers; increase in the value of wholesalers'
inventories ad manufacturers' prices rise
chain drug store>>> a company that owns and operates four or more pharmacies
dock to dock delivery>>> wholesaler obtains the drugs to a dispenser own warehouse without taking the
drugs into its own inventory
drop shipment>>> the drug manufacturer directly delivers the drugs to a dispenser but the order and
payments are made through a wholesaler
