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afrikaans-taal-study-notes

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Afrikaans Taal Study Notes
Woordorde



S – Subject – Wie?
Vi – Verb 1
S vi T O M P vii I
 T – Time – Wanneer?
 O – Object – Wat?
 M – Manner – Hoe?
 P – Place – Waar?
 Vii – Verb 2
 I – Infinitive – om...te

Note:
 A sentence may contain any one or more of these elements.
 The 1st verb must always be in 2nd element position.
 The verbs you will find in 2nd element position: Any present tense verb OR
hulpwerkwoorde (sal/sou; moet/moes; behoort...te; mag/mog; kan/kon;
wil/wou; gaan,laat,leer,probeer,kom; het (past and future tense)
 No verb can jump over another verb except ‘het’.
 If the object is a pronoun then time and object swap round (SviOTMPviiI)
 Group more than one of T, M or P together.
 The infinitive always comes after verb 2 unless starting with the infinitive.
 If negative, 1st nie after 1st verb, second nie at very end.

Examples:

 Hy (vandag, vinnig, hardloop, winkel toe)
Hy hardloop vandag vinnig winkel toe.

 Tydens vakansies (daagliks, ouers en kinders, ontspan, op die strand)
Tydens vakansies ontspan ouers en kinders daagliks op die strand.
*Note the time element is split, so it moves after the
 gaan, om hom te straf, die onderwyser, môre, met ‘n lat, hom, slaan
Die onderwyser gaan hom môre met ‘n lat slaan om hom te straf.




1

, Tye

 Always look out for conjunctions!

Verlede Tyd

RULES:

1) het + ge
The 1st verb is replaced with ‘het’. That verb moves to the end of the sentence, but before
the infinitive if present and gets a ‘ge-’.

Examples:

 Hy skop die bal want hy speel sokker.
Hy het die bal geskop want hy het sokker gespeel.

 Die musiekinstrument klop jou hard teen die oor.
Die musiekinstrument het jou hard teen die oor geklop.

2) het + be, ge, er, her, ont, ver, mis: do NOT get ‘ge’.

Examples:

 Hy beskerm homself teen roofdiere.
Hy het homself teen roofdiere beskerm.

 Hy verwag net die beste.
Hy het net die beste verwag.

3) 2 actions (2 verbs)
If there are 2 actions happening at the SAME time then only the first verb gets ‘ge-’.
If there are 2 actions happening at DIFFERENT times then both verbs get ‘ge-’.

Examples:

 Die aanhangers sing en eet heeltyd.
Die anhangers het heeltyd gesing en geëet.

 Die mense hardloop en skree wanneer hulle die golf hoor kom. (Verlede jaar).
Verlede jaar het die mense gehardloop en skree toe hulle die golf hoor kom het. *This is also
a DAWN sentence




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