NGR6141 Advanced Patho - Exam 2 Objectives (100% correct)

1a. How does the skin protect us against antigens in the environment? 1b. What kinds of cells play a role in this process? correct answers - It is the first line of defense, regulates body temp, immune response - provides a protective barrier between the host and the outside environment, and the linings of the internal body organs help absorb substances into the body, excrete waste products, and secrete substances into body cavities. - this tissue covers most internal and external surfaces of the body. - The functions include protection, absorption, secretion, and excretion - provide biochemical barriers by synthesizing and secreting substances meant to trap of destroy microorganisms. i.e. Mucus, earwax, goblet cells, saliva, tears. 1c. What kinds of epidermal cells play a role in the protecting us from antigens? correct answers - Keratinocytes - produce keratin (scleroprotein - protection from stress) - Melanocyte - produces melanin, shields UV radiation, determines skin color - Langerhans Cells - migrate from bone marrow, initiates immune response with dendrites - Merkel Cells - "touch receptors" slowly adapting mechanoreceptors 1d. What kinds of dermal cells play a role in the protecting us from antigens? correct answers - Fibroblasts - generate connective tissue, for wound healing - Mast Cells - release histamine, hypersensitivity and immune FX - Magrophanges - Phagocytotic, partial role in immune response, wound healing - Histocytes - in loose connective tissue, Machrophange, phagocytes pigments and debris of inflammation 1e. Other types of 'skin' cells that protect us from antigens? correct answers - Nails: protective keratinized plates - Sebaceous Glands: secrete sebum, oils skin/hair, prevents drying - Eccrine Sweat Glands: thermoregulate/ cool the body, evaporation 2. In allergic contact dermatitis, how does the body recognize the antigen? Think about how the immune response and the cells involved. correct answers - Allergan comes into contact with the skin bound to a carrier protein, forming a hapten-specific sensitizing antigen - Langerhans cells process antigen and carry it to T-Cells - T-Cells become sensitized to antigen, releasing cytokines and chemokine leading to leukocyte infiltration and inflammation 3. What is Tinea Corpis? correct answers - A condition known as RINGWORM that is a fungal infection of the skin caused by Trichophyton or mircosporum, classified according to the location. results in a circular, clearly circumscribed, mildly erythematous (pink to red) scaly patches with a slightly elevated "ring-like" boarder, rash and itching or areas no covered by hair