Intro to Statistics Module 4 (A+ Graded 100% Verified)

Intro to Statistics Module 4 (A+ Graded 100% Verified) Rare Event Rule for Inferential Statistics Ans: If, under a given assumption, the probability of a particular observed event is extremely small, we conclude that the assumption is not correct. Event Ans: any collection of results or outcomes of a procedure. Simple event Ans: an outcome or an event that cannot be further broken down into simpler components. Sample space Ans: consists of all possible simple events Notation for Probabilities Ans: P denotes a probability. A, B, and C denote specific events. P(A) denotes the probability of event A occurring. 0 < P(A) < 1 If A is impossible, P(A) = 0. If A is certain to happen, P(A) = 1. Relative Frequency Approximation of Probability - P(A) Ans: = Number of times A occured / Number of times the trial was repeated Disjoint (mutually exclusive) Ans: Events cannot overlap. Cannot occur at the same time. Formal Addition Rule Ans: P(A or B) = P(A) + P(B) - P(A and B) where P(A and B) denotes the probability that A and B both occur at the same time as an outcome in a trial of a procedure. Special Addition Rule Ans: If A and B are disjoint, then P(A or B) = P(A) + P(B). note: P(A and B) = 0 when A and B are disjoint. Conditional probability Ans: P(BA) = P(A and B) / P(A)