1.2 MASONRY EXAM QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE VERIFIED SOLUTIONS

masonry Building with units of various natural or manufactured products, such as stone, brick, or concrete block, usually with the use of mortar as a bonding age mortar plastic mixture of lime or cement, or a combination of both, with sand and water, used as a bonding agent in masonry construction plasticizers Admixtures to mortar are typically called __________ which makes the overall mortar mix workable with less water cement mortar made by mixing Portland cement, sand, and water cement-lime mortar A cement mortar to which lime is added to increase its plasticity and water retentivity. Masonry Cement mix of portland cement and other ingredients, such as hydrated lime, plasticizers, air-entraining agents and gypsum requiring only the addition of sand and water to make cement mortar. Epoxy Mortar mortar consisting of epoxy resin, a catalyst, and fine aggregate. Non-staining Mortar low free-alkali content to minimize efflorescence or the staining of adjacent masonry by the migration of soluble materials. Lime Mortar mixture of lime, sand and water that is rarely used because of its slow rate of hardening and low compressive strength. Lime white or grayish white, caustic odorless solid obtained by heating forms of calcium carbonate, such as shells or limestone, at a high temperature. Also known as calcium oxide, calx, caustic lime, quicklime hydrated lime - soft, crystalline powder obtained by the action of water on lime and used in making mortar, plaster, and cement. Also known as calcium hydroxide, slaked lime fat mix A concrete or mortar mix that is easy to work or spread because of relatively high cement or lime content. Also called RICH MIX. lean mix A concrete or mortar mix that is difficult to work or spread because of a shortness of cement or lime. type M high-strength mortar used in reinforced masonry below grade or in contact with the earth, such as foundation and retaining walls subject to frost action or to high lateral or compressive load type S medium-high-strength mortar recommended for use in masonry where bond and lateral strength are more important than compressive strength type N medium-strength mortar recommended for general use in exposed masonry above grade where high compressive and lateral strength are not required. type O low-strength mortar suitable for use in interior non-load bearing walls and partitions type K very-low-strength mortar suitable only for use in interior non-load-bearing walls wherever permitted by building codes concrete masonry unit (cmu) precast masonry unit of Portland cement, fine aggregate, and water molded into various shapes concrete hollow blocks (chb) hollow or solid concrete masonry unit, often incorrectly referred to as cement block. Could be classified as bearing and non-bearing blocks face shell web core/cell parts of concrete block face shell one of the two sidewalls of a hollow concrete masonry unit web one of the cross walls connecting the face shells of a hollow masonry unit core/cell the molded open space in a concrete masonry unit stretcher block 8 x 8 x 16 in OR 203 x 203 x 406 mm Partition block used in constructing non-load-bearing walls, usually having a nominal thickness of 4 or 6 inches; or 102 or 152 in mm Bullnose block A concrete masonry unit having one or more rounded exterior corners. Corner block having a solid end face and used in constructing the end or corner of a wall Pilaster block Any of the various concrete masonry unit used in constructing a plain or reinforced masonry pilaster. Coping block used in constructing the top or finishing course of a masonry wall Sash/Jamb block having an end slot or rabbet to receive the jamb of a door or window frame Screen block prevalently used in tropical architecture, having a decorative pattern of transverse openings for admitting air and excluding sunlight Sill block having a wash to shed rainwater from a sill Wash/Weathering upper surface inclined to shed rainwater from a building load bearing non load bearing two types of chb load bearing blocks - thickness: 15 - 20 cm - can carry load aside from its own weight non load bearing blocks - intended for walls, partitions, fences, or dividers - thickness: 7.5 - 10 cm Quantity of Cement and Sand for Mortar and Plaster Mixture Per Cubic Meter this helps in determining the number of CHBs and the required mortar for block laying and plastering; and footing Quantity of Cement and Sand for CHB Mortar per Square Meter simplified method for identifying the mixture quantities needed for the respective CHB sizes Quantity of Cement, Sand and Gravel for CHB Footing Per Linear Meter simplified method for identifying the mixture quantities needed for CHB footing. brick masonry unit of clay formed into a rectangular prism while plastic and hardened by drying in the sun or firing in a kiln clay natural, earthy material that is plastic when moist but hard when fired and is used for making, brick, tile, and pottery, composed mainly of fine particles of hydrous aluminum silicates less than 0.002 mm in diameter kiln a furnace of oven for burning, baking, or drying something, especially one for firing pottery, baking bricks or drying timber flashing firing brick units alternately with too much or too little air to vary their face color. Soft mud process process of forming brick by molding relatively wet clay having a moisture content of 20% to 30% sand struck formed in the soft mud process with a mold lined with sand to prevent sticking, producing a matte textured surface water struck formed in the soft mud process with a mold lubricated with water to prevent sticking, producing a smooth dense surface stiff mud process process of forming brick and structural tile by extruding stiff but plastic clay having a moisture content of 12% to 15% through a die and cutting the extrusion to length with wires before firing dry press process process of forming brick by molding relatively dry clay having a moisture content of 5% to 7% under high pressure, resulting in sharp-edged, smooth surfaced bricks common/building brick made for general building purposes and not specially treated for color and texture facing/face brick made of special clays for wall facing. Often treated to produce the desired color and surface texture fbx minimum variation in size, narrow color range and high degree of mechanical perfection are required fbs wider color range and greater variation in size fba suitable for use where particular effects are desired resulting from non-uniformity in size, color, and texture of the individual units modular brick 4 x 2 2/3 x 8 in OR 102 x 68 x 203 mm engineered brick 4 x 2 1/2 x 8 in OR 102 x 81 x 203 mm economy 4 x 4 x 8 in OR 102 x 102 x 203 mm