Brief History of Microbiology (Complete solution)

van Leeuwenhoek (1673) correct answers Developed simple microscopes. First to observe microbes (wee animalcules). Father of Microbiology Spontaneous generation correct answers living organisms can arise from nonliving matter Ex: Moist soil toads, snakes, mice Biogenesis: correct answers living organisms can arise only from preexisting living organisms Francesco Redi correct answers set up an experiment to disprove spontaneous generation of maggots. Filled 2 jars with decaying meat, sealed one and left the other open (only the open jar developed maggots). Another experiment was set up in which a jar was covered with a fine mesh instead of being sealed so that fresh air could enter the jar (again, only the open jar developed maggots) Proved that the flies had to come in contact with the meat and lay their eggs on it, maggots did not arise spontaneously John Needham correct answers seemed to help prove the case for spontaneous generation by heating nutrient broth and pouring it into covered flasks (developed microbial growth) he claimed that the "vital force" had been destroyed by the heating Lazzaro Spallanzani correct answers he showed that broth that was heated after being put into a sealed flask did not develop microbial growth. Louis Pasteur correct answers 1)Microorganisms can be present in nonliving matter (even in air). 2)Spontaneous generation disproved. 3)Heat can destroy microbes who discovered Aseptic Techniques? correct answers Pasteur. Used to prevent the contamination by unwanted microorganisms Water purification, sewage collection and treatment correct answers Romans developed sophisticated drinking water and sewer systems (even indoor plumbing), but these ideas were lost during the Dark Ages.Most villages, towns, and cities had problems with certain diseases due to fecal contamination of their drinking water because they lacked sewer systems. Development of good public sanitation facilities during the 18th and 19th centuries in what are now "developed" countries, drastically decreased their incidence of epidemics of cholera, typhoid and dysentery Bassi (1830s-40s) correct answers Perhaps the first to demonstrate a microbial cause of disease. Showed that a microscopic fungus causes a disease in silkworms. Suggested that human diseases could be caused by microbes also Semmelweiss (1840s) correct answers Suspected doctors/midwives were transmitting childbed fever to women during childbirth 2. Required hand washing in a chloride of lime solution. Incidence of childbed fever dropped from up to 50% to 1-3% Viciously criticized Died in exile and shame