CPDT Exam Learning Theory Test 2023

CPDT Exam Learning Theory Test 2023 Clicker Training - A system of teaching that uses positive reinforcement in combination with an event marker. Reinforcers (Or Rewards) - Anything that occurring in conjunction with an act tends to increase the probability that the act will occur again. Reinforcers are relative not absolute. Marker - Precise communication of which actions will earn reinforcers by the use of a consistent sound that "marks" actions or events that we like. Clicker Process - Watch for Behavior, Mark the Behavior, Reinforce the Behavior. When To Click? - As the behavior is occurring - not afterwards. Reinforcing - Strengthening the behavior so that it is very likely to happen again. Treats - Select four or five different treats Make treats small Soft treats are usually better The tougher the training - the better the food should be! Life Rewards - Things or activities that your dog really enjoys doing (non-food related). Fetching, toys, affection, praise etc. Clicker - An event marker to indicate the moment in time the desired behavior happens. Note: Studies have shown that the clicker is more effective and accurate than voice markers are. What Makes A Good Event Marker? - Brief - Identifies one movement or part of movement, not a series of events. Distinct - easily noticed. Different - not confused with other stimuli. Neutral - has no meaning or association beyond the one that has been deliberately chosen. Easy to Deliver Clicker Trainers Are? - Excellent observers of behavior Precise Generous with Reinforcement Consistent Benefits of Clicker Training - Accelerates learning Strengthens human-animal bond Produces long-term recall Encourages creativity and initiative Forgives human mistakes Generates enthusiastic learners What is Training? - Teaching animals learned behavior Reinforcement - A. Event that occurs during or upon completion of a behavior. B. Increases the likelihood that the behavior will occur again in the future. Applied Behavior Analysis - The science of learning A-B-C - The process of learning as defined by: Antecedant Behavior Consequence Example: Antecedant: Squirrel crosses in front of your dog. Behavior: Dog chases squirrel Consequence: Fun! Note: Consequence is the most powerful training tool and positive reinforcement is the most powerful type of consequence you have for training. Trainers can influence the operant conditioning process at what two junctures of the ABC? - Antecedants (cue or trigger for behavior) and Consquence (what happens after the behavior). Behavior is an outcome of these two things. What are the three types of consequences? - Ignore Reinforce Punish Quandrants of Operant Conditioning? (Pat Miller style) - 1. Positive Reinforcement - dogs behavior makes a good thing occur; behavior increases. 2. Positive Punishment - dogs behavior makes a bad thing occur; behavior decreases. 3. Negative Reinforcement - dogs behavior makes a bad thing go away; behavior increases. 4. Negative Punishment - dogs behavior makes a good thing go away; behavior decreases. Operant Conditioning - The reinforcement of conscious behavior deliberately offered by the learner. (Coined by BF Skinner) The learner is the operator deliberately performing a learned behavior to access reinforcers. Operant Conditioning Symbols - Behavior Increase R+ (Positive Reinforcement) R- (Negative Reinforcement) Behavior Decrease P+ (Positive Punishment) P- (Negative Punishment) Quandrants of Operant Conditioning (Karen Pryor Style) - Positive Reinforcement - the addition of a stimulus that increases the occurrence of a behavior. Negative Reinforcement - the removal of a stimulus that increases the occurrence of a behavior. Positive Punishment - the addition of a stimulus decreases the occurrence of a behavior. Negative Punishment - the removal of a stimulus decreases the occurrence of a behavior. What is training? - The teaching of a learned behavior What is a cue? - Cues are learned antecedents What are the two consequences in our training? - Reinforce - behavior that you want Ignore or manage - behavior that you don't want. Jackpot - A reward that is bigger than the normal reinforcer and one that comes as a surprise. What is the difference between Negative Reinforcement and Punishment? - Punishment is an aversive stimulus that occurs after the behavior it was meant to modify - it can have no effect on the behavior. Conditioned Aversive - A conditioned aversive is a stimulus that has been paired with a punisher. It tells the animal that something bad will happen unless it discontinues the behavior. NRM (No Reward Marker) - Conditioned stimulus that tells the animal the behavior it just tried will not earn reinforcement. Keep-going Signals - An additional cue or prompt to tell the animal that it's on the right track, and should continue performing the behavior it is currently performing. Primary Reinforcer - Something that has innate value to the learner. Bridging Stimulus - Something that acts like a time and information bridge between when the desired action occurs and the delivery of the primary reinforcer. Conditioned Reinforcer - Something that takes on value because it is paired with a primary reinforcer. Continues...