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Samenvatting thema 2 hersenen en aansturing

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Dit document is een samenvatting van alle colleges, werkgroepen en e-learnings van het tweede thema van het blok hersenen en aansturing.

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September 23, 2023
Number of pages
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Written in
2022/2023
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↑e MDTORNEURON
~genereren Motor:precentrale gerus
vished:rond sulce calcarinu



spraak:interior frontal
corticobulbospinaal systeem (alle)


(Bra
->


gyru Sensory:p ostcentrale gyrm
I tractus:axonen hand
3
.
ontspringt uitprimaire motor cortex & premator cortex
onsaan
isaion"ineenreg ~




secundair:omringd
primary sensory cortices




audities:superior temporal
Cortex gyrus
spraak superior (wernickel begripen
temporalgyrn
nescortex:6 lagen
↳meeste van cerebrum cyrue singull
·
4 motor nomuncular
Elke laag functie

allscortex:6 lagen
·Hippocampus
·cingulate a parahippocampale gyri Primaire motorcortex:
Insula
55van laagpyramidaaneenBez
·
.




Insula
cells
alle axonen die afdalen naar
'lagere' levels
Premotor cortex: .
Striatum
. 40% van laag V
pyramidale neuronen ·Diencephalon
·
Brainstem
mesencephalon
·


o
corticofugaal systeem:o ntspringsaan hele schors, alle laag 5
pyramidale neuronen
.
metencephalon
corona radiata a capsula interna -- Peduncula cerebri
myelencephalon
-




sibrae pontis tracem
-> -


pyramidalis ·medulla spinalis
-b corticobulbospinale projectie:subset corticofugaal systeem (motorcortice)
Gyrm parahippocampalis -> Pyramide tractus is corticospinale projectie

·
corticobulbair:1 motorneuronen - CDG hersenstam/22 mn is


Dopaminereceptoren:nucleuaccumber ·corticospinaal:de motorneuronen CPG/2 mn spine
->



te -


-bulbospindal-ook naar nucleus ruber, rectum, pons, reticulair
foramen, vestibulaire nuclei
lamina quadrigemina


Tectum
·




tmesencepnal
nou
mcauolaonblousnospinal
Gianieramicamanevronsoletelecosneltes
->

cerebellum
kern ~
axon en

·Enige eerste motor neuronen die rechtstreeks
op 22 motor neuronen projecteren
merg voortzetting
-anderenOpinterneuronenonderdrukken Is er een
cortico fugaal
·Pes


in




Kruising 9.188 ViaPonssebe en



ze motor neuronen aan contralaterale
alletemotorneuroneneindigen op
zijeen




3
.




alle 22 motorneuronen innerveren ipsilateraal Kruising
.
van pyramidebaan -

byovergang medulla oblongata to spinalis


goedeeerstintraineremotieom
Bilateraal: -onvolledig,
.
Trigeminal motor nuclems (Vm) -
mastication
. Dorsal facialis motor nucleus (VIId) -
mimical musculature upper halfface
Terminatic pyramidebaan:ongekruld:terminatie
·
ambiguus nucleus (IX.X). swallowing


contralateraal: 55heraaneen Bilaterde aire grijs
mediale motor neuronen (5%). alleen van Betz cellen
. ventral facial motor nuclem (VIIv) -
mimical musculature lowerhalfface

(XII). motor
Gekruisd:terminatie
·Hypoglossal nuclem tongue
contralateraal spi

Lateraal intermediaire grensee
been:


wnomotoreei""Yrâinstem (Ps)
.




-Van premator cortex, nietnaar motor neuronen, maar



·Niewenbeneruberenaeenrac
. intermediate grey -o motor neurons

Subcorticale
circuits: striatum
Secundaire systemen: en cerebellum
Rubrospinale tractus
Reticulospinale tracti
Medullaire spinale tracti
Pontine of mediaal reticulospinale tractus
Vestibulospinale tractus
Tectospinale tractus
Rubrospinale baan:
D
Nucleus ruber receives major input from both cerebellum and
cerebral cortex
important role in motor learning Vestibulospinale tractus:
- Rubrospinale tractus projects mainly to cervical 8)
Informatie over hoofd postieveranderingen
intumesence flexor motorneuronpools tot nek en trunk voor behoud van
Responsible for recovery after cortical lesions


equilibrium en voor coördinatie van oog en
nek bewegingen
Reticulospinale tractus:
Controle van generale excitabiliteit van motorneuronpools (loss
③.
• Vestibulocollic reflex: stabiliseert hoofd
of tone in sleep) door nekbewegingen door vestibulaire
Controle van tonus van spieren in relatie tot stase signalen
· Regulatie van posturale reflexen • Vestibulospinale reflex: stabiliseert
Reciprocal connections with cerebellum lichaam door postuurbewegingen door
5)
Mediaal tractus: drives excitatory interneurons in cord vestibulaire signalen
Reflexes more lively
B.
Laterale tractus: drives inhibitory interneurons in cord
Reflexes less lively Tectospinale systeem
• laterale baan veel meer gestimuleerd door motorcortex
-B

Visuele informatie aan nek en trunk:
dan mediale baan - verlies van stimulatie zorgt voor coordinatie van oog en nek bewegingen
minder inhibitie en reflexen worden levendiger
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