GERIATRIC NURSING MIDTERM EXAM CORRECT ANSWERS 2023/2024

GERIATRIC NURSING MIDTERM EXAM CORRECT ANSWERS 2023/2024 patient's bill of rights - CORRECT ANSWER-make their own decisions receive fair and equal treatment (considerate) have their information and identity protected (confidentiality) be provided with all information can accept or refuse TX privacy receive responses to request (within reason) education categories of aging - CORRECT ANSWER-young-old: 65-74 middle-old: 75-84 old-old: 85+ biological theories of aging - CORRECT ANSWER-attempt to explain changes in the individual that ultimately lead to death cells become disorganized/chaotic, no longer replicate, die oxidative stress theories - CORRECT ANSWER-rise in reactive oxygen species (ROS) damages cells and results in impaired cell function ROS increased by external factors (smoke, pollution) and internal factors (inflammation) damage is random and unpredictable immunological theory of aging - CORRECT ANSWER-aging is a result of an accumulation of damage to immune system chronic state of inflammation and increasing ROS assessment of falls - CORRECT ANSWER-assessment of the older adult at risk nursing assessment of the client after a fall assessment of the environment and other situational circumstances upon admission and during institutional stays. after a patient falls, we should - CORRECT ANSWER-Make sure they are stable (take some vital signs) Check for injuries Do not force movement, but ask if they can move voluntarily Alert and oriented What were they doing when they fell Document as accurately as possible what happened Did they fracture something Get help before you move them interventions for fall preventions - CORRECT ANSWER-One-size-fits-all approach does not work Interventions depend on the person's changing condition Type, timing, and frequency of the interventions are determined for the specific older individual. assessment of the older adult - CORRECT ANSWER-Signs and symptoms tend to be subtle Don't stereotype Sensory and physical limitations may affect ability to respond quickly Be patient Allow pauses Observe for signs of fatigue: sighing, grimacing, irritability, leaning against objects for support, drooping head and shoulders frequent problems to address in an assessment - CORRECT ANSWER-sexual function depression incontinence alcoholism hearing loss oral health environmental safety assessment of the frail and medically complex - FANCAPES - CORRECT ANSWERfluids aeration nutrition communication activity pain elimination socialization documentation - CORRECT ANSWER-patient confidentiality detailed! clear and vivid and objective - should be able to be understood if it is in a court of law 10 years later communicates qualities of care cognition - CORRECT ANSWER-a process of acquiring, storing, sharing, and using information can change or remain stable age-associated memory loss - CORRECT ANSWER-normal in the older adult key element of nutrition - CORRECT ANSWER-preserving the health of the older adult quality and quantity of a diet will - CORRECT ANSWER-help prevent, delay the onset of, and manage chronic disease processes calorie needs in older adult - CORRECT ANSWER-fewer calories, low saturated fats, trans fatty acids, protein, and need more fiber obesity - CORRECT ANSWER-increasing in older adults maintaining weight is a clinical recommendation malnutrition - CORRECT ANSWER-a deficiency, excess, or imbalance of energy, protein, and other nutrients causes adverse effects on body form, function, and clinical outcomes. (b/w 16-30% older adults are malnourished) appetites - CORRECT ANSWER-influenced by physical activity, functional limitations, smell, taste, mood, socialization, and comfort. interventions to increase food intake - CORRECT ANSWER-Nutrition education Medication that stimulates appetite (orexigenic drugs) Hydration management Continued oral health care aspiration - CORRECT ANSWER-the most dangerous complication with someone who suffers with dysphagia factors that affect meds in older adults - CORRECT ANSWER-increased gastric pH (bad for acid-dependent drugs) stomach emptying is delayed intestinal mobility is slowed decreased response to beta-adrenergic receptor stimulators and blockers decreased baroreceptor sensitivity increased sensitivity to anticholinergics, benzodiazepines, opioid analgesics, warfarin, and the cardiac drugs diltiazem and verapamil decreased response to beta-adrenergic receptor stimulators - CORRECT ANSWER- [vasoconstriction, vasodilation] (heart, smooth muscle in bronchioles, arterioles, visceral organs)