FNP STUDY GUIDE SYSTEM REVIEW FOR AANP EXAM 2023/2024

FNP STUDY GUIDE SYSTEM REVIEW FOR AANP EXAM 2023/2024 Allergies to PCN - CORRECT ANSWER-use macrolides, fluoroquinolones to tx when allergies to ? Blepharitis - CORRECT ANSWER-inflammation of eyelides, TX baby shampoo, warm compresses Sialolithiasis - CORRECT ANSWER-stones w/i the salivary glands or the salivary gland ducts. Painful lump on jaw that comes and goes. ___ typically present pain and swelling in the involved gland, these symptoms are usually aggravated by eating or by anticipation of eating. Otitis media - CORRECT ANSWER-inflammation of middle ear/inner, erythema, decreased tympanic membrane mobility, distorted landmarks, displaced light reflex, moderate to severe bulging, mastoid pain DX penumatic otoscopy TX analgesics Acetaminophen, ibuprofen, narcotic w codeine, amoxicillin, Augument, omnicef, ceftin, otic drops ciprofloxacin w dexamethasone. Otitis externa - CORRECT ANSWER-swimmers ear, P. aeruginosa, external canal producing inflammation, itching, px, tragal/pinna px, otorrhea, DX culture, TX fluoroquinolone and polymyxin B cortisporin drops! Sensorineural loss - CORRECT ANSWER-Weber test (top of head) no lateralization, normal finding, does not lateralize to either ear, bilateral hearing loss, if hear better in left ear, right _______ hearing loss. Conductive loss - CORRECT ANSWER-Rinne test (behind pinna) - normal finding if AC last longer than BC bone conduction, good ear=air conduction > bone conduction, bad ear BC>AC. Sjorgen's syndrome - CORRECT ANSWER-chronic autoimmune disorder characterized by decrease function of lacrimal and salivary glands Bacterial conjunctivitis - CORRECT ANSWER-purulent (pus) exudate, initially unilateral, then often bilateral, self-limiting 5-7 days, delay treatment till 3rd day, TX eye drops or ointment polytrim, trimethoprim, polymyxin, macrolide viral conjunctivitis - CORRECT ANSWER-profuse tearing, mucus discharge, burning, concurrent URI, enlarged preauricular node, TX antihistamine, decongestant drops, Trifluridine in herpes conjunctivitis. Nystagmus - CORRECT ANSWER-eye makes repetitive uncontrolled movements, decrease vision, depth perception, balance Fluorescein strips - CORRECT ANSWER-check for corneal abrasions, keratitis Horizontal nystagmus - CORRECT ANSWER-normal for eye to return to midline Cover/Uncover test - CORRECT ANSWER-strabismus test (not screening) done in HEENT examination is? Hirschberg test - CORRECT ANSWER-screening test for strabismus, compare corneal light reflex Visual field by confrontation test - CORRECT ANSWER-test peripheral vision Ishihara- - CORRECT ANSWER-color vision test Fovea of macula - CORRECT ANSWER-responsible for sharpest vision Cones - CORRECT ANSWER-responsible for color vision Rods - CORRECT ANSWER-responsible for night vision Mononucleosis - CORRECT ANSWER-Epstein Barr virus, normally lymphocytosis, maculopapular rash, fever, fatigue, pharyngitis, cervicallymphadenopathy, limit sports/activity, monitor for splenomegaly hepatomegaly, DX monospot screen for heterophil antibodies, TX ibuprofen/Tylenol, no virus infection, no ABx treatment, rehydrate, if with strep add Ceftin for 5 days Hairy leukoplakia - CORRECT ANSWER-caused by Epstein Barr virus Pathognomonic for HIV infection Strep pharyngitis - CORRECT ANSWER-strep pyogenes, caused by scarlet fever affects heart valves and kidneys, Criteria for strep tonsilar exudates, anterior cervical adenopathy, fever sore throat, fatigue, NO Cough, TX PCN, amoxicillin, macrolide, cephalosporin, DX rapid strep test, CNC, monospot if mono suspected, increases mortality in community acquired pneumonia Allergic rhinitis - CORRECT ANSWER-clear discharge, blue tinged or pale and swollen (boggy) turbinate's, sneezing itching nasal stuffiness, TX single most effective treatment intransal glucocortiocosteriods, antihistamines, decongestants (raises BP) Acute rhinosinusitis - CORRECT ANSWER-inflammation of paranasal sinuses due to bacteria, viral fungal or discharge, nasal congestion. TX wait 10 days then amoxicillin or Augmentin, if allergy, fluoroquinolones/tetracyclines. Kiesselbachs plexus - CORRECT ANSWER-epistaxis commonly occurs anterior, posterior nasal bleeds may hemorrhages, refer to ER. Herpes Keratitis - CORRECT ANSWER-eyes pain, photophobia, blurred vision in affected eye, DX fluorescein stain, may result in blindness, refer to ED, opthalmology stat Pterygium - CORRECT ANSWER-surfer's eye, yellow triangular thickening of conjunctiva, web in eye Cataracts - CORRECT ANSWER-opacity in lens, difficulty w glare, halos around light, blurred vision, gradual onset of decreased night vision, red reflex disappears (red reflex is now opague gray instead of orange red glow) Macular degeneration - CORRECT ANSWER-loss of center vision, loss of visual acuity, contrast sensitivity but still have peripheral vision, may find Drusen bodies Dx Amsler grid to evaluate central vision changes Retinal detachment - CORRECT ANSWER-sudden onset of shower floaters with looking thru curtain w sudden flashes of light, refer to ED Epiglottis - CORRECT ANSWER-life threatening infection of ___ and surrounding tissue, cellulitis of the ___, drooling, stridor, hoarseness, head is leaned back, can't swallow because it hurts, big eyes scared, thumbs sign enlarged ___ protruding from anterior wall Cholesteatoma - CORRECT ANSWER-affected ear hearing loss, cauliflower like mass inside middle ear, can erode bones in face, damage facial nerve CN 7 Retinoblastoma - CORRECT ANSWER-white reflection in child's pupil vertigo - CORRECT ANSWER-spinning or rotating common characteristic TX antivert Prevalent Cancer males - CORRECT ANSWER-prostate cancer Prevalent cancer in females - CORRECT ANSWER-breast exams are done for what purpose? Highest mortality from cancer - CORRECT ANSWER-Lung Highest mortality from skin cancer - CORRECT ANSWER-melanoma is what level of mortality from skin cancer Gynecological cancer most common - CORRECT ANSWER-uterine/endometrial Gynecological cancer second most common - CORRECT ANSWER-ovarian Koplik spots - CORRECT ANSWER-are a prodromic viral exanthem of measles manifesting two to three days before the measles rash itself. They are characterized as clustered, white lesions on the buccal mucosa (opposite the lower 1st & 2nd molars) and are pathognomonic for measles/rubeola. Scarlet fever - CORRECT ANSWER-scaralatina-sandpaper textured pink rash w sore throat strawberry tongue Fifth disease - CORRECT ANSWER-Parvovirus B19, stages of rash, Slap Cheek syndrome, erythema infection. A common and highly contagious childhood ailment causing a distinctive face rash, blanches. Roseola infantum - CORRECT ANSWER-Sixth disease, viral infection, young children, high fever rash, TX bedrest, fluids, Tylenol Kawasaki disease - CORRECT ANSWER-high fever enlarged lymph nodes red rash in groin are conjunctivitis, dry cracked lips, strawberry tongue, swollen hands/feet, skin peels from hands/feet, TX high dose aspirin, gamma globin Hand foot mouth disease - CORRECT ANSWER-Coxsackie virus, direct contact, with nasal discharge, saliva, blister fluid, or stool, most contagious for first week, fever, severe sore throat, headache, anorexia, blisters on the hands and feet, diaper area, ulcers mouth throat tonsils and tongue, pain w acidic foods, TX symptomatic treatment ibuprofen or Tylenol saltwater gargle, cold fluids Molluscum contagiousum - CORRECT ANSWER-poxvirus, smooth wax like, round, (dome shaped) papules 5 mm size, central umbilication TX resolve on own, wart medication (if near genitals in kids, suspects sexual abuse) Acanthosis nigricans - CORRECT ANSWER-thickening of the skin pigmentation disorder (darkening) r/t diabetes, colon cancer and obesity Intertrigo - CORRECT ANSWER-candidiasis, burning malodorous odor, maceration, located in folds, under breasts, scrotum, inner thigh, between toes TX nystatin Urticaria - CORRECT ANSWER-hives TX with Benadryl or Zyrtec Actinic keratosis - CORRECT ANSWER-rough flat, dry, erythematous papules or plaques, scaly patch of read or brown skin caused by years of sun exposure, evolving carcinoma, precursor to squamous cell carcinoma, DX biopsy, refer to dermatology, TX topical 5 fluoracil 5-FU, cryotherapy.