Jean Inman Domain 1 (RD Exam) Questions with correct Answers

Energy sources Correct Answer-Carbs and protein= 4 cal/gram; fat= 9 cal/gram; the brain uses glucose for energy, uses ketone bodies during starvation Tissue storage of glucose Correct Answer-Muscles and liver= store glycogen; adipose tissue= fat; cellular mass= protein stores Gluconeogenesis= conversion of non-carb sources into glucose by glycerol and amino acids Homeostasis Correct Answer-Keeps the internal environment/temp of the body at a state of equilibrium Cellular oxidation Correct Answer-Enzymes= proteins, organic catalysts that perform reactions; coenzyme= activates enzymes, contains vitamins; thiamin, niacin, riboflavin, pantothenic acid needed for energy; Substrate= substance on which an enzyme works; Cofactor= assists enzyme, contains minerals Hormones Correct Answer-Secreted from endocrine gland; chemical messengers that trigger enzymes; Thyroxine= regulates metabolism, oxidation rate, physical and mental growth; activates liver gluconeogenesis and gluconeogenesis, raises blood sugar Energy reactions Correct Answer-Anabolism= build up energy by breaking down food; catabolism= breakdown energy, uses and releases energy; creates constant energy deficit that must be fixed by food