NSG 322 Pharm Final EXAM 100% VERIFIED SOLUTIONS 2023//2024

NSG 322 Pharm Final EXAM 100% VERIFIED SOLUTIONS 2023//2024 prototype for antipsychotic (trade/generic), treatment for schizophrenia - ANSWER haldol/haloperidol how long does it take the typical antipsychotic drug to reach its therapeutic effect? - ANSWER several days what would you say if a patient calls and states that the antipsychotic drug isn't working within the 1st couple of days? - ANSWER keep taking it (they don't work right away) what should we inform the patient about antipsychotics concerning taking the prescription? - ANSWER take consistently (doses need to build up in the body) what receptors do antipsychotics (haldol/haloperidol) block? - ANSWER dopamine, alpha, and serotonin is haldol/haloperidol highly protein bound? - ANSWER yes (92%) how does the nurse make sure that the patient is complying and adhering to the antipsychotic regimen? - ANSWER build a relationship (establish trust) adverse effects of haldol/haloperidol - ANSWER extrapyramidal effects (pseudoparkinsonism, tardive dyskinesia); seizures stop giving haldol/haloperidol if the patient has this disease - ANSWER parkinson's disease (avoid starts and stops) where is haldol/haloperidol metabolized? - ANSWER liver what population has a black box warning associated with haldol/haloperidol? - ANSWER elderly patients with dementia-related psychosis what is the prototype drug (trade/generic) used for alzheimer-type dementia? - ANSWER exelon/rivastigmine what enzyme does exelon/rivastigmine inhibit? - ANSWER acetylcholinesterase enzyme what effect does exelon/rivastigmine have on acetylcholine? - ANSWER increases amount of acetylcholine (prevents breakdown of it) what is the most common adverse effect of exelon/rivastigmine? - ANSWER GI upset (take with food) what is the most serious side effect of exelon/rivastigmine? - ANSWER bradycardia is exelon/rivastigmine curative or palliative? - ANSWER palliative (does not cure the disease) what does acetylcholine help regulate (think about what the brain does)? - ANSWER regulates memory and cognition what metabolizes exelon/rivastigmine? - ANSWER AChE what is the main route/dosage of exelon/rivastigmine? - ANSWER PO; 1.5, 3, 4.5, and 6 mg is exelon/rivastigmine highly protein bound? - ANSWER no (40%) what is the prototype (trade/generic) antiepileptic drug that decreases sodium influx - ANSWER dilantin/phenytoin what pt education should the nurse provide when talking about the suspension form of phenytoin? - ANSWER must be shaken (before pouring, measure the dose) is phenytoin highly protein bound? - ANSWER yes (90-95%) if the pt is homeless and is an alcoholic, would dilantin/phenytoin be effective? - ANSWER no: malnourished (pt may have seizures because there is not enough protein in the body) what types of seizures does dilantin/phenytoin control? - ANSWER partial and generalized (grand mal) seizures where is dilantin/phenytoin mostly metabolized by? - ANSWER liver what is the primary site of action of dilantin/phenytoin? - ANSWER motor cortex rate of metabolism among people when taking dilantin/phenytoin - ANSWER varies greatly how does dilantin/phenytoin work? - ANSWER blocks inactive sodium channels (delays action-potential b/t synapses, which prevents excessive muscle contractions during a grand mal seizure) what must the nurse do when administering phenytoin via IV route? - ANSWER give slowly (black box warning for effects on ventricular automaticity) in terms of the mentality of the pt, what should the nurse assess for in a pt taking dilantin/phenytoin? - ANSWER increase in suicidal thoughts (also affects CNS w/ symptoms such as ataxia) what are 2 examples of the most serious adverse effects of dilantin/phenytoin? - ANSWER liver damage and blood dyscrasia can drug therapy of dilantin/phenytoin be stopped? - ANSWER no (doing so can cause status epilepticus) what is dilantin/phenytoin contraindicated with? - ANSWER alcohol intolerance and heart conditions (sinus bradycardia, SA or AV block) what can happen if dilantin/phenytoin is administered too quickly via IV? - ANSWER cardiovascular collapse (hypotension, cardiac arrhythmias) what are two essential ideas the pt must know when beginning seizure drug therapy? - ANSWER no alcohol and do not stop taking medication what are the two best drugs for acute seizures? (trade/generic) - ANSWER (benzodiazepines) ativan/lorazepam, IV and valium/diazepam rectally (choose IV first) what is the prototype benzodiazepine drug (trade/generic)? - ANSWER ativan/lorazepam what therapeutic effects does ativan/lorazepam have on the body? - ANSWER sedation: decreases anxiety and seizures is ativan/lorazepam highly protein bound? - ANSWER yes (85%) what do benzodiazepines do? - ANSWER increase effects of GABA (inhibitory neurotransmitter of the CNS) what is the site of action of ativan/lorazepam? - ANSWER brain what are some contraindications of ativan/lorazepam? - ANSWER psychoses, glaucoma, intra-arterial use