NASM CES Final Exam (All), NASM CES Final Exam (All
2) Fall 2023 full solution pack
A runner who experiences reoccuring episodes of plantar fascitis, shin splints
and patellar tendonitis is most likely affected by which of the following postural
distortion syndromes?
pronation distortion syndrome
An estimated ACL injuries occur annually in the general U.S. population.
80,000 to 100,000
During an overhead squat you notice an asymmetrical weight shift, which
muscles could be underactive?
gluteus medius on the side of the shift
During an overhead squat you have low back rounds compensation, which
muscles could be underactive?
erector spinae
During the overhead squat assessment, the compensation of knees move inward
can be attributed by overactivity of which muscles?
vastus lateralis
Florence and Henry Kendall addressed postural deviations through the
relationship of ?
agonist-antagonist muscle groups
Flexion of the ankle is called
dorsiflexion
For a foot and ankle impairment what muscle should receive SMR?
biceps femoris
If the knees move inward what muscles would receive static stretching?
TFL
If client demonstrates an asymmetric shift which muscles should receive static
stretching?
TFL same side
If low back arches which muscles should receive SMR?
Latissimus dorsi
Functionally tightened or overactive muscles accompanying the lower extremity
movement impairment syndrome include
peroneals, gastrocnemius, soleus, hamstrings, IT band, adductors
Having an excessive forward lean in an overhead squat during LPHC movement
compensation what muscles may be overactive?
soleus
A low back arch in the overhead squat indicates what muscles are overactive?
hip flexors
Hips that are shifted off the midline are most likely indicative of
load-bearing habits to the side
How many postural distortion patterns were identified by Janda?
3
,If a client sits all day this in turn can lead to tight______ that can cause postural
imbalances?
hip flexors
If the client has a hip hike during the single leg squat which muscle is
underactive?
adductor complex
If the hip drops during a single leg squat which muscle is underactive?
quadratus lumborum
In the asymmetrical shift which muscles are most likely underactive?
opposite side anterior tibialis
In the inhibit phase for knee impairments which muscles should be SMR?
Gastrocnemius/Soleus
IT-Band tendonitis is often referred to as?
runners knee
Knee injuries can cause decrease in nerual control to muscles that stabilize the?
patellofemoral and tibiofemoral joints
Low back pain is a major form of degeneration affecting nearly
80% of all adults
Muscles that assist prime movers during functional movement patters are known
as?
synergists
what is the most prevalent shoulder injury?
shoulder impingement
when shoulder pain is reported which is the most prevalent diagnosis
shoulder impingement
Swimmers often exhibit overemphasized_____ relation to scapular retractors?
Pectoralis
Anterior pelvic tilt is a characteristic of which compensatory pattern?
lower crossed syndrome
the tibiofemoral joint is comprised of the femur and the?
tibia
The transverse arch of the foot consists of the?
cuboid and cuneiforms
There is a strong correlation between ACL injuries and which chronic disease?
Arthritis
What altered joint motion is commonly displayed in an individual with upper
crossed syndrome?
increased scapular protraction
What hip muscle has been shown to become weaker after an ankle sprain?
gluteus medius
What is the general effect of beta blockers on heart rate and blood pressure?
decreases heart rate and decreases blood pressure
what is the process by which a tight muscle diminishes neural drive and inhibits
recruitment of its functional antagonist?
Altered reciprocal inhibition
,what is the process whereby a synergist compensates for a prime mover to
maintain force production?
synergistic dominance
what motions occur at the knee during lower extremity supination?
extension, abduction, external rotation
which joint is comprised of the patella and femur?
patellafemoral joint
which levers are the most common in the body and have pull between the fulcrum
and resistance?
third class levers
which muscle is commonly tight in an individual with lower crossed syndrome?
rectus femoris
which muscle is repeatedly placed in a shortened position during sitting
illiopsoas
which is a muscle that is prone to lengthening?
infraspinatus
which is an example of a predominantly transverse plane movement?
radioulnar supination
which of the following is an example of predominantly frontal plane movement?
side shuffling
Which of the following muscles would become synergistically dominant when the
gluteus maximus lacks the ability for neural recruitment and force production to
properly perform hip extension during functional movements?
hamstrings
which plane of motion bisects the body into top and bottom halves, and consists
of primarily rotational movements?
transverse plane
which plane of motion consists of primarily flexion and extension movements?
sagittal plane
which of the following bones comprise the subtalar joint?
talus-calcaneus
working with arms overhead for long periods of time (such as painting) may lead
to shoulder soreness that could be the result of tightness in the latissimus dorsi
and pectoralis and weakness in the?
rotator cuff
Neuromuscular efficiency
The ability of the neuromuscular system to allow agonists, antagonists, synergists, and
stablilzers to work synergistically to produce, reduce, and dynamically stabilize the
kinetic chain in all three planes of motion.
Posture
The independent and interdependent alignment (static posture) and function
(transitional and dynamic posture) of all components of the human movement system at
any given moment; controlled by the central nervous system.
Structural efficiency
The alignment of each segment of the human movement system (HMS), which allows
posture to be balanced in relation to one's center of gravity.
, Functional efficiency
The ability of the neuromuscular system to recruit correct muscle synergies, at the right
time, with the appropriate amount of force to perform functional tasks with the least
amount of energy and stress on the human movement system.
Cumulative injury cycle
A cycle in which an injury will induce inflammation, muscle spasm, adhesion, altered
neuromusclular control, and muscle imbalances.
Movement impairment syndrome
Refers to the state in which the structural integrity of the human movement system
(HMS) is compromised because the components are out of alignment.
Altered reciprocal inhibition
The process whereby a tight muscle (short, overactive, myofascial adhesions) causes
decreased neural drive and therefore optimal recruitment of its functional antagonist.
Synergistic dominance
The process by which a synergist compenstates for a prime mover to maintain force
production.
Lower extremity movement impairment syndrome
Usually characterized by excessive foot pronation (flat feet), increased knee valgus
(tibia externally rotated and femur internally rotated and adducted or knock-kneed), and
increased movement at the lumbo-pelvic-hip-complex (extension or flexion) during
functional movements.
Upper extremity movement impairment syndrome
Usually characterized as having rounded shoulders and a forward head posture or
improper scapulothoracic or glenohumeral kinematics during functional movements.
Lengthening Techniques
2nd phase in the Corrective Exercise Continuum is to lengthen those overactive or tight
neuromyofascial tissues.
Lengthening
refers to the elongation of mechanically shortened muscle and connective
tissuenecessary to increase range of motion (ROM) at the tissue and joint.
2 most common methods of stretching:
Static stretching
Neuromuscular stretching
Static stretching
Combines low force with long duration using autogenic inhibition. This form of stretching
allows for relaxation and concomitant elongation of muscle. To perform static stretching,
the stretch is held at the first point of tension or resistance barrier for 30 seconds.
Performed solo
Neuromuscular stretching
commonly called proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation,or PNF involves taking the
muscle to its end ROM (point of joint compensation), actively contracting the muscle to
be stretched for 7 -15 seconds, then passively moving the joint to a new end ROM and
holding this position for 20-30 seconds.
Recurrent inhibition
A feedback circuit that can decrease the excitability of motor neurons via the
interneuron called the Renshaw cell.
2) Fall 2023 full solution pack
A runner who experiences reoccuring episodes of plantar fascitis, shin splints
and patellar tendonitis is most likely affected by which of the following postural
distortion syndromes?
pronation distortion syndrome
An estimated ACL injuries occur annually in the general U.S. population.
80,000 to 100,000
During an overhead squat you notice an asymmetrical weight shift, which
muscles could be underactive?
gluteus medius on the side of the shift
During an overhead squat you have low back rounds compensation, which
muscles could be underactive?
erector spinae
During the overhead squat assessment, the compensation of knees move inward
can be attributed by overactivity of which muscles?
vastus lateralis
Florence and Henry Kendall addressed postural deviations through the
relationship of ?
agonist-antagonist muscle groups
Flexion of the ankle is called
dorsiflexion
For a foot and ankle impairment what muscle should receive SMR?
biceps femoris
If the knees move inward what muscles would receive static stretching?
TFL
If client demonstrates an asymmetric shift which muscles should receive static
stretching?
TFL same side
If low back arches which muscles should receive SMR?
Latissimus dorsi
Functionally tightened or overactive muscles accompanying the lower extremity
movement impairment syndrome include
peroneals, gastrocnemius, soleus, hamstrings, IT band, adductors
Having an excessive forward lean in an overhead squat during LPHC movement
compensation what muscles may be overactive?
soleus
A low back arch in the overhead squat indicates what muscles are overactive?
hip flexors
Hips that are shifted off the midline are most likely indicative of
load-bearing habits to the side
How many postural distortion patterns were identified by Janda?
3
,If a client sits all day this in turn can lead to tight______ that can cause postural
imbalances?
hip flexors
If the client has a hip hike during the single leg squat which muscle is
underactive?
adductor complex
If the hip drops during a single leg squat which muscle is underactive?
quadratus lumborum
In the asymmetrical shift which muscles are most likely underactive?
opposite side anterior tibialis
In the inhibit phase for knee impairments which muscles should be SMR?
Gastrocnemius/Soleus
IT-Band tendonitis is often referred to as?
runners knee
Knee injuries can cause decrease in nerual control to muscles that stabilize the?
patellofemoral and tibiofemoral joints
Low back pain is a major form of degeneration affecting nearly
80% of all adults
Muscles that assist prime movers during functional movement patters are known
as?
synergists
what is the most prevalent shoulder injury?
shoulder impingement
when shoulder pain is reported which is the most prevalent diagnosis
shoulder impingement
Swimmers often exhibit overemphasized_____ relation to scapular retractors?
Pectoralis
Anterior pelvic tilt is a characteristic of which compensatory pattern?
lower crossed syndrome
the tibiofemoral joint is comprised of the femur and the?
tibia
The transverse arch of the foot consists of the?
cuboid and cuneiforms
There is a strong correlation between ACL injuries and which chronic disease?
Arthritis
What altered joint motion is commonly displayed in an individual with upper
crossed syndrome?
increased scapular protraction
What hip muscle has been shown to become weaker after an ankle sprain?
gluteus medius
What is the general effect of beta blockers on heart rate and blood pressure?
decreases heart rate and decreases blood pressure
what is the process by which a tight muscle diminishes neural drive and inhibits
recruitment of its functional antagonist?
Altered reciprocal inhibition
,what is the process whereby a synergist compensates for a prime mover to
maintain force production?
synergistic dominance
what motions occur at the knee during lower extremity supination?
extension, abduction, external rotation
which joint is comprised of the patella and femur?
patellafemoral joint
which levers are the most common in the body and have pull between the fulcrum
and resistance?
third class levers
which muscle is commonly tight in an individual with lower crossed syndrome?
rectus femoris
which muscle is repeatedly placed in a shortened position during sitting
illiopsoas
which is a muscle that is prone to lengthening?
infraspinatus
which is an example of a predominantly transverse plane movement?
radioulnar supination
which of the following is an example of predominantly frontal plane movement?
side shuffling
Which of the following muscles would become synergistically dominant when the
gluteus maximus lacks the ability for neural recruitment and force production to
properly perform hip extension during functional movements?
hamstrings
which plane of motion bisects the body into top and bottom halves, and consists
of primarily rotational movements?
transverse plane
which plane of motion consists of primarily flexion and extension movements?
sagittal plane
which of the following bones comprise the subtalar joint?
talus-calcaneus
working with arms overhead for long periods of time (such as painting) may lead
to shoulder soreness that could be the result of tightness in the latissimus dorsi
and pectoralis and weakness in the?
rotator cuff
Neuromuscular efficiency
The ability of the neuromuscular system to allow agonists, antagonists, synergists, and
stablilzers to work synergistically to produce, reduce, and dynamically stabilize the
kinetic chain in all three planes of motion.
Posture
The independent and interdependent alignment (static posture) and function
(transitional and dynamic posture) of all components of the human movement system at
any given moment; controlled by the central nervous system.
Structural efficiency
The alignment of each segment of the human movement system (HMS), which allows
posture to be balanced in relation to one's center of gravity.
, Functional efficiency
The ability of the neuromuscular system to recruit correct muscle synergies, at the right
time, with the appropriate amount of force to perform functional tasks with the least
amount of energy and stress on the human movement system.
Cumulative injury cycle
A cycle in which an injury will induce inflammation, muscle spasm, adhesion, altered
neuromusclular control, and muscle imbalances.
Movement impairment syndrome
Refers to the state in which the structural integrity of the human movement system
(HMS) is compromised because the components are out of alignment.
Altered reciprocal inhibition
The process whereby a tight muscle (short, overactive, myofascial adhesions) causes
decreased neural drive and therefore optimal recruitment of its functional antagonist.
Synergistic dominance
The process by which a synergist compenstates for a prime mover to maintain force
production.
Lower extremity movement impairment syndrome
Usually characterized by excessive foot pronation (flat feet), increased knee valgus
(tibia externally rotated and femur internally rotated and adducted or knock-kneed), and
increased movement at the lumbo-pelvic-hip-complex (extension or flexion) during
functional movements.
Upper extremity movement impairment syndrome
Usually characterized as having rounded shoulders and a forward head posture or
improper scapulothoracic or glenohumeral kinematics during functional movements.
Lengthening Techniques
2nd phase in the Corrective Exercise Continuum is to lengthen those overactive or tight
neuromyofascial tissues.
Lengthening
refers to the elongation of mechanically shortened muscle and connective
tissuenecessary to increase range of motion (ROM) at the tissue and joint.
2 most common methods of stretching:
Static stretching
Neuromuscular stretching
Static stretching
Combines low force with long duration using autogenic inhibition. This form of stretching
allows for relaxation and concomitant elongation of muscle. To perform static stretching,
the stretch is held at the first point of tension or resistance barrier for 30 seconds.
Performed solo
Neuromuscular stretching
commonly called proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation,or PNF involves taking the
muscle to its end ROM (point of joint compensation), actively contracting the muscle to
be stretched for 7 -15 seconds, then passively moving the joint to a new end ROM and
holding this position for 20-30 seconds.
Recurrent inhibition
A feedback circuit that can decrease the excitability of motor neurons via the
interneuron called the Renshaw cell.
