NR 283 Final Exam Concept Review Pathophysiology

NR 283 Final Exam Concept Review Pathophysiology Renal Functions of the Kidney • A WET BED: • Acid-base balance • Water removal • Erythropoiesis (production of RBC) • Toxin removal • Blood pressure control • Electrolyte balance • Vitamin D activation Pyelonephritis: – infection of ureter, renal pelvis, medulla, and cortex Causes, signs and symptoms • Causes: One or both kidneys involved. From ureter to kidneys • S/S: DUll, aching pain in lower back, high temperature, dysuria • infection of ureter, renal pelvis, medulla, and cortex o Causes: ▪ Kidney stones, reflux, trauma o Acute pyelonephritis ▪ Associated with obstructions or reflux ▪ Inflammation of structures ▪ Kidneys become infiltrated with WBC’s o Chronic pyelonephritis ▪ Recurring episodes of acute pyelonephritis or chronic obstructions ▪ Cause progressive inflammation, destruction, and scarring ▪ Will eventually lead to kidney failure o Clinical manifestations: dysuria, flank pain, urinary casts