Wisconsin Pesticide Applicator Test Commercial Category 6.0 | Exam 147 Questions And Answers Already Graded A+

What determines whether a given plant is a weed? - A weed is any unwanted plant What are the two main goals of weed management? - The primary goal is to minimize weed competition and the other main goal is to limit the weed's reproduction in order to manage the weed population in years to come. Distinguish grasses from broadleaf plants and herbaceous from woody plants - Grasses are considered monocots, meaning they have a single seed leaf, they also have narrow leaves with parallel veins and a fibrous root system. Broadleaf plants have two seed leaves and are therefore called dicots, they have broad leaves with veins that form a net patterns. Broadleaf plants can be further classified into herbaceous and woody, where the woody plants have a thick layer of dense tissue called bark, which herbaceous plants lack. Describe the life cycles and propagation of annual, biennial, and perennial plants - Annual plants live for less than a year, they produce many seeds in one growing season, and then die. Summer annuals winter as seeds, and winter annuals winter as a low-growing plant, both summer and winter annuals are easiest to control when they are small. Biennial plants live for two growing seasons, they germinate from seed in the spring or summer and winter as a rosette of leaves. They flower in their second year, produce seeds and then die. Both annuals and biennials reproduce only by seed. Perennial plants live for at least 2 years and sometimes longer, they may reproduce by seed or vegetatively through several different mechanisms. What is needed to kill annual, biennial, and perennial weeds and when is it easiest to do so? - To kill annuals or biennials, you must kill the whole shoot. Controlling these weeds with tillage or herbicides will kill them plus stop seed production, which will reduce future weed problems. The most effective way to kill perennials is to destroy the underground vegetative structures by either repeatedly tilling the soil or by using a herbicide that translocates to destroy all of the plant parts. How should you time herbicide application with respect to a plant's life cycle and which timing is most effective? - All weeds may start as seedlings and it is most effective to treat the plants at this stage because less energy is required to kill the plants at this stage than at any other. Biennials and Annuals are controlled by a fall or early spring treatment, and perennials are controlled best with a fall treatment as well.What are the effects of soil texture and organic matter content on application of soil herbicides? - Soil organic matter and clay particles can adsorb soil-applied herbicides, meaning more herbicide will be required in these types of soils because the herbicide will be bound to the soil particles and will not be available to be absorbed by the weeds. How do you keep soil herbicides from moving off target? - Do not apply herbicides to areas where they may leach into groundwater, or run off into water sources or cropping areas. Also avoid applying herbicides to areas where desired tree and shrub roots may extend and DO NOT apply herbicides to frozen soils. How and when should you apply soil herbicides? - Soil treatments are commonly used when a site requires residual non-selective control, such as electric transformer stations, rail ballasts and signpost bases. They can be applied any time that the soil is not frozen, and some soil applied herbicides need to be transported by rain to be absorbed by the plant. When are foliar sprays appropriate and not appropriate? - Foliar sprays are not recommended for large brush because of the potential for drift. Foliar sprays should be operated from the ground close to the plant and can either be applied through broadcast or spot application. What are the factors in timing a foliar spray? - Foliar treatments can be made from the time the leaves are fully expanded until they begin to turn color in the fall, but are most effective when applied to fully developed foliage of an actively growing plant. They should be applied at a temperature between 60 and 80 degrees F, and should have adequate time to soak into to plant, thus applying right before it rains is ineffective.