Professional Nursing Exam 1 questions with 100% correct answers already graded A

Describe the historical highlights of 21st century Nursing -Advances in technology and informatics -acuity level: patients are more sick, but are living longer with the sickness - early discharge- more revenue to get people in and out quickly - evolving nursing practice and education (culture, ethics, end of life care, safety, quality) What are some of the influences on Today's practice? -Healthcare reform -demographic changes -more medically underserved -threat of bioterrorism -rising health care costs (evaluate clients ability, evaluate products) -nursing shortage: there is a lot of pressure to get patients out of the hospital, but with the best care Why should you evaluate a patients ability and the products they are on? to determine whether or not they can afford what is being prescribe to them, and if it will conflict with anything else that they are on. What are the Scopes and Standards of practice for the Nursing Profession? (acts and associations) -American Nurses Association (ANA) -Standards of Nursing Practice (minimal level of competency you are expected to have) -Standards of Professional Performance (competency level of behavior) -American Nurses Association Code of Ethics for Nurses With Interpretive Statement -State Board Nurses Practice Acts What do the State Board Nurses Practice Acts regulate? -the scope of nursing practice to protect the public -legal regulations What are the six standards of practice? 1. Assessment 2. Diagnosis 3. Outcome identifications 4. Planning 5. Implementation 6. Evaluation What is the Licensure and Certification to be come an RN -Graduate of an accredited nursing school -Pass the National Council Licensure Examination for Registered Nurses (NCLEX-RN) administered by individual State Board of Nursing -Licensed by State Board of Nursing -Certification, is offered by national nursing organization, and may be obtained in a specific area of the nursing practice. (ongoing education is required) What is the Art and Science of Nursing? It requires a blend of current knowledge and practice standards with an insightful and humane approach to client care -Care should reflect the needs and values of the society -Must use critical thinking to integrate information from the science and nursing knowledge bases What does autonomy mean in terms of nursing? to be independent in nursing interventions -what you can do yourself without a doctors orders Accountability you are responsible for the type and quality of nursing care that you provide professionally and legally -keep current EBP to defend your decisions What are some of the roles that Nurses take on? -direct care provider and clinical decision maker -patient advocate -researcher -educator -leader/manager Name some professional nursing organizations American Nurses Association (ANA) American Association of Colleges of Nursing (AACN) Simple tasks such as removing clutter from a patients room, decreasing excess noise, and cleaning up soiled linens is the use of what theory? Florence Nightingale's Environmental theory to promote healing and comfort What is a nursing theory? it conceptualizes an aspect of nursing to describe, explain, predict, or prescribe nursing care. they serve as the foundation for the art and science of nursing. What is the goal of nursing knowledge? Is to explain the practice of nursing as different and distinct from the practice of medicine, psychology, and other health care disciplines What are the components of a theory? concepts definitions assumptions phenomena What is a phenomena? aspects of reality that can be consciously sensed or experienced. They are a response to an event. -Concepts, definitions, and assumptions are all used to describe a phenomena. What is a concept? ideas or mental images that help to describe a phenomena. - can be either abstract or concrete What are definitions? they convey the general meaning of the concepts. - can be either theoretical/conceptual or operational -Theoretical-simply define a particular concept -operational- state how concepts are measured Nursing Domain the view of the profession, it is knowledge; history, nursing theory, education, practice and research -practical and theoretical (central concepts; values etc.) Nursing paradigm a pattern of beliefs used to describe the disciple -it links science, philosophy and theories accepted and applied by that discipline What is the nursing metaparadigm allows nurses to understand and explain what nursing is, what nursing does, and why nurses do what they do What are the four components of the nursing metaparadigm? person health environment nursing What is the nursing process? method of applying the theory or knowledge scientific method nurses use to ensure quality care What are the different types of theories? Grand middle-range practice descriptive Middle-range and practice are used to describe specific phenomena grand theories broad in scope, complex they don't provide guidance for specific nursing interventions middle-range theories limited in scope and less abstract- more guidance -tend to focus on a concept found in a specific field of nursing such as uncertainty, incontince, social support, quality of life, and caring rather than reflex on a wide variety of nursing care situations as grand theories do descriptive theories describe phenomena and identify circumstances in which phenomena occur prescriptive theories address nursing interventions for phenomenon, guide practice change, and predict consequences (testing interventions) theoretical knowledge stimulate thinking, create a broad understanding of the "science" and practice of nursing discipline -uses research based knowledge experiential knowledge "art" of nursing - based on nurses' experience providing care - develops intuition what are Interdisciplinary Theories? Shared theories They explain systematic views of phenomena specific to the discipline of inquiry: -systems -basic human needs -developmental -psychosocial They are brought in from different disciplines Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs is a model that nurses use to understand the interrelationship of basic human needs -certain human needsahre more basic than others What is the order of Maslow's model? (first being the most basic and most important) 1. Physiological (oxygen, fluids, nutrition, temp., elimination, shelter, sex) 2. Safety and security (physical safety, psychological safety) 3. love and belonging needs 4. self-esteem 5. self-actualizaiton What are Biophysical Developmental Theories? Examine how bodies grow and change - Compare/contrast against established researched norms Psychoanalytical/Psychoanalytical Theories Describe development from personality, cognitive, and behavioral perspectives -explain development as primarily unconscious and influenced by emotion -influence how we move through theories Sigmund Freud Psychosexual falls under this Developmental theories Propose ways to account to how and why people grow as they do -provide a framework for examining, describing, and appreciating human development -help nurses assess and treat a patient's response to illness Explain Sigmund Freud Psychosexual theory () Five stages of psychosexual development and is characterized by pleasures in different parts of the body -believe adult personality is the result of how people resolve conflicts between the sources of pleasure and reality What are the stages of Sigmund Freud's Psychosexual Theory? Stage 1: oral (birth to 12-18 months) Stage 2: Anal (12-18 months- 3 years) Stage 3: Phallic or Oedipal (3-6 years) Stage 4: Latency (6-12 years) Stage 5: Genital (Puberty through Adulthood) Explain Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial development individuals needs to accomplish a particular task before successfully mastering the stage and progressing to the next one. Each task is framed with opposing conflicts, and tasks once mastered are challenged and tested again during new situations or at times a conflict Erikson's theory of psychosocial development Stage 1 Birth-1 year: Trust vs. Mistrust Erikson's theory of psychosocial development Stage 2 1-3 years: Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt Erikson's theory of psychosocial development Stage 3 3-6 years: Initiative vs. Guilt Erikson's theory of psychosocial development Stage 4 6-11 years: Industry vs. Inferiority