AP Gov AMSCO Chapter 1 Vocabulary fully solved

federalism a system of government that divides the power between the national and state governments Federalists group of people who endorsed the Constitution social contract agreement between a democratic government and its' people that if violated, the people could take the power back natural law law of God, acknowledged through human sense and reason under which people were born free and equal popular sovereignty the people as the ultimate ruling authority republicanism political ideology in which men were entitled to "life, liberty, and property" and these could not be taken away except under laws created through the consent of the governed participatory democracy people vote directly for laws and other matters that affect them pluralist democracy nongovernment groups organize to try to exert influence on political decision-making elite democracy elected representatives make decisions and act as trustees for the people who elected them Declaration of Independence an official statement which justified the colonies break from Britain, listing the moral and legal justification for the rebellion Articles of Confederation series of statements that defined the initial national government and redefined the former colonies as states extradition states were expected to return fugitives to states where they had committed crimes and runaway slaves to states that they had fled James Madison his influence in creating the plan for the new government and his stalwart support of it during the ratification process earned him the nickname Father of the Constitution Virginia Plan proposed three-branch system of government, bicameral legislature, and made the national government supreme over the states which became blueprint for the Constitution bicameral two-house separation of powers distinct responsibilities and limits of each branch to keep any one branch from becoming too powerful New Jersey Plan proposed system of government in which states would retain sovereignty Grand Committee committee made up of one delegate from each of the states represented at the convention Great Compromise compromise between Virginia and New Jersey Plan House of Representatives house of Congress which would award seats based on population of state Senate house of Congress which would receive two senators from each state regardless of the state's size Three - Fifths Compromise agreement to count only three of every five slaves to determine representation in the House Electoral College compromise for choosing Chief Executive in which each state had same number electors as representatives in Congress, and the people would vote for the electors Preamble mission statement of the Constitution enumerated powers powers that are listed out commerce clause empowers Congress to "regulate commerce with other nations, and among the several states" necessary and proper clause "Congress shall have power to make all law which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into execution the foregoing powers" granting implicit powers full faith and credit clause requires states to be open about their laws and encourages states to respect one another's laws national supremacy unite the nation under stronger national policy supremacy clause makes certain that all states must adhere to the Constitution Federalist Papers series of essays written to argue in favor of the Constitution Anti-Federalists group of people who opposed the Constitution Bill of Rights list of rights that guaranteed basic liberties USA PATRIOT Act law covering intelligence gathering and sharing by executive branch agencies, points of criminal procedure, and border protection representative republic collection of sovereign states gathered for the national interest, national needs, and national defense checks and balances limiting powers each branch can use on the others veto president rejects a bill pocket veto president refusing to sign a bill at the end of a legislative session, killing the bill two-thirds override each house of Congress separately votes in favor of a vetoed bill by a supermajority of two-thirds can make a vetoed bill into law advice and consent the Senate's formal approval on presidential appointments impeachment an accusation, an indictment of wrongdoing judicial review federal courts can deem an act of the legislature unconstitutional when deciding on a cas