CPCE Exam(questions with verifified solution)2023

CPCE ExamEmpirically validated Treatment or Empirically Supported treatment When counselors do integrate research into practice. Correlation Correlation is simply an association. It is not the same as causality. The correlation between people who have an umbrella open and rain is very high, but opening your umbrella does not cause it to rain. Three types of correlations Go from negative 1 to 0 to positive 1. Zero means no correlation while positive 1 and negative 1 are perfect correlations. A negative .5 is not higher than a correlation of -.5 In fact, a correlation of -.8 is stronger than a correlation of .5. A positive correlation: when x goes up, y goes up. For example, when you study more, your GPA goes up. A negative correlation: when x goes up y goes down. For example, the more you brush your teeth, the less you will be plagued by cavities. Quantitative research when one quanitifes or measures things. It yields numbers. Qualitative research When does research does not use numberical data Bubbles When research has flaws What is a true experiment? Two or more groups are udes. What is random sampling? People are picked randomly and placed in groups using random assignment. Systematic sampling where every nth person is chosen can also be used howere, researchers stillprefer random sampling and random assignment What is quasi-experimental research? When the groups are not picked at random or the researcher cannot control the IV then it is a quasi rather than a true experiment. quasi-experimental research does not ensure causality. What is the independent variable The experimental group gets the IV and it is known as the experimental variable. what is the DV or dependent variable? the outcome data in the study is called the DV. If we want to see if eating carrots raises one's IQ then eating carrots is the IV while the IQ scores at the end of the study would be the DV. Type I alpha error When a researcher rejects a null hypothesis that is true. Type II beta error When a research accepts null when it should have been rejected. What is significance levels in social science? .05 or less (.01 to .001) The signifcance level gives you the probability of a type 1 error. N=1 a single subject design or case study and thus does not rely on IV, DV, control group, ect. Case studies are becoming more popular. Demand characteristics evident when subjects in a study have cues regarding what the researcher deires or does not desire that influence their behavior. This can counfound an experiment rendering the research inaccurate. An obtrustive or a reactive measure if subjects know they are being observed. Observers' presence can influence subject's behavior rather than merely the experimental variable or treatment modality.