Theoretical Foundation in Nursing Practice Exam 1 Questions With Correct Answers

What is ADPIE - Answer Assessment Diagnosis Plan Implementation Evaluation What is Health Promotion - Answer process of enabling people to increase control over and to improve their health (WHO) What are the levels of Prevention - Answer Primary: Prevents initial occurrence of disease. Education in schools, organizations, health, and exercise. Health promotion and disease prevention. example: getting tetanus and diptheria immunization every 10 years Secondary: focuses on early detection of disease, limiting severity. Screenings to control outbreaks Tertiary: having the said illness or disease. More proactive to not make it chronic or doing recovery What is Delegation Guidelines? - Answer CPTDS Right Circumstance Right Patient Right Task Right direction and communication Right Supervision and Evaluation What is Safety? - Answer -assigns priority to a factor of situation posing the greatest: safety risk and greatest risk to physical or psychological well-being of the client -assess for external or internal factors -sources of safety issues: client, nurse, provider (external) Abnormal lab values and vital signs (internal) -ABC with safety and risk reduction What is prioritization? - Answer asking yourself questions on who to see first? Whos more at risk first? vs someone that is getting discharged you would really see last. Maslow Hierarchy of Needs - Answer Physiological - basic survival needs (e.g., oxygen, water, food and shelter) Safety & security - safe and comfortable this includes psychological security (e.g., safe from falls due to treatment) employment, resources, health, property Love & Belonging - love and affection, this can come from family members, friends or co-workers. Intimacy, sense of connection Esteem & Self-Esteem - to feel good about themselves. (e.g., body imagine, pride in achievements, passing this exam) Self-Actualization Healthy People Goals - Answer promote health and disease nationally through a collaborative effort among local governments, professional organizations and individual participation Healthy People: Leading health indicators - Answer -access to healthcare services -clinical preventive services -environmental quality -injury and violence -maternal, infant and child health -mental health -nutrition, physical activity and obesity -oral health -reproductive and sexual health -social determinants -substance Abuse -tobacco Healthy People: Healthy Disparities - Answer -individuals who are: -poor -elderly are of an ethnic miniority or economically disadvantaged Integumentary System: Skin Breakdown - Answer -move patient every two hours to prevent skin breakdown that may lead to pressure ulcers Integumentary System: Bony Prominences - Answer -pad elbows, heel of foot, and neck to prevent a start or pressure ulcers Integumentary System: Skin Care/Bathing - Answer for bathing client for complete bed bath: start with the eyes, no soap just warm water. Go inner canthus to outer. What is Contact precaution? - Answer -Pathogen is spread by direct contact -Sources of infection: draining wounds, secretions, supplies -Precautions include possible private room, clean gown, gloves, disposal of contaminated items, double bag linen and mark. -Infections include VRE, MRSA, C. difficile, wound infections, herpes simplex, eye infections, skin infections (lice, impetigo, scabies, chickenpox (varicella), cutaneous diphtheria) What is Airborne Precautions? - Answer <5 microns smaller droplets through air -remain airborne for longer periods -isolation and negative airflow room 6-12 exchanges per hour -Use of: N95 every time a health care worker enters & gloves (for bodily fluids, yellow sputum) -mask must be FITTED examples: Pulmonary TB, measles