RD Exam: MNT| 508 Questions and Answers(A+ Solution guide)

NCP - Nutrition Care Process. A standardized, consistent structure and framework used to provide nutrition care. This is different from standardized care, which infers that all patients receive the same care. NCP Steps - ADIME 1. Assess, 2. Diagnose, 3. Intervention, 4. Monitor & Evaluate Critical thinking - integrates facts, informed opinions, active listening, and observations. It is a reasoning process where ideas are produced and evaluated. It includes the ability to conceptualize, think rationally, think creatively, be inquiring, and think autonomously. Nutrition screening - use of preliminary nutrition assessment techniques to identify people who are malnourished or who are at risk for malnutrition. All health care team members can participate. Brief 5-10 minutes. Nutrition screening review - client's history, lab results, weight, physical signs For nutrition screening to be effective - the mechanism must be accurate based on: specificity (can it ID patients without a condition), sensitivity (can it ID those who have the condition. Mechanism must be effective as related to the chances that positive health outcomes will be achieved with the intervention. If no emerging nutrition problem exists - document that discharge from nutrition care is appropriate The Joint Commission and nutrition screening - nutrition risk identified in hospitalized patient within 24 hours of admission, but does not mandate a method of screeningNutrition screening includes - 1. Subjective Goal Assessment 2. Mini Nutritional Assessment 3. Nutrition Screening Initiative Subjective Goal Assessment - History, intake, GI symptoms, functional capacity, physical appearance, edema, weight change NO lab values, just talking Mini Nutritional Assessment - Evaluates independence, medication therapy, number of full meals consumed each day, protein intake, fruits and vegetables, fluid, mode of feeding. Often done in older population. Nutrition Screening Initiative - Elderly Nutrition assessment of individuals - Initiated by referral/screening of individuals or groups for nutritional risk factors. Assessment makes comparisons between data collected and reliable standards. Assessment is an on-going, dynamic process that involves continual reassessment and analysis of patient/client/group needs. Assessment provides the basis for nutrition diagnosis. Critical thinking skills needed in nutrition assessment include - 1. Observe verbal/nonverbal cues that can guide effective interviewing methods 2. Determine appropriate data to collect3. Select tools and procedures and apply in valid, reliable ways 4. Distinguish relevant from irrelevant, and important from unimportant data 5. Validate, organize and categorize the data Nutrition assessment component - 1. Review: review data for factors that affect nutritional and health status 2. Cluster: assessment data clustered for comparison with characteristics of a suspected diagnosis; food and nutrition related history, anthropometrics, lab/medical tests (biochemical), nutrition-focused physical findings, client history 3. These indicators are compared to identified standards and criteria for interpretation and decisionmaking Indicators in nutrition assessment - are clearly defined markers that can be observed and measured.