Biology Evolution Exam 1 questions and answers graded A+.

Biology Evolution Exam 1 questions and answers graded A+. Evolution - correct answers.1. theory that all organisms are related by common ancestry and due to descent with modification, changed over time 2. change in genotype/genetic make-up of a population from one generation to the next What must happen for evolution to occur by natural selection - correct answers.1. individuals must vary/be different 2. traits must be heritable 3. differential of survival: survival and reproductive success must vary and it's not by chance Adaptive Evolution - correct idual with highest fitness will survive and reproduce. ability to pass on genes to its offsprings How do certain phenotypes become dominant over others in a population, leave population, and emerge - correct e favors traits that lead to high fitness, becoming more common in a population: Adaptive evolution -disadvantageous traits dont survive so cant pass on traits --> leaves population -new traits arise because of mutations (mostly deleterious or neutral) but if good, then remain in population What leads to natural selection - correct answers.Descent with modification: Both parents pass down traits but the traits have slight modifications. because of this, evolution changes a population over time: there are the phenotypes from the ancestors and the new traits that have developed from advantageous mutations. Evidence for evolution/descent with modification - correct answers.1. Biogeography 2.Homology 3. Molecular Structure 4. Vestigial Traits Biogeography - correct how organisms differ over geographic space ex. Birds on Galapagos islands: all look physically similar, but vary somewhat to fit niche. Shows that came from common ancestor but changed over time Homology - correct ar structures or genes because of common ancestor but acquired differences through evolution ex. bats, humans, and dogs have same bone structure but used for diff. functions ex. embryo of chicken, snake, human, and cat look alike during first stage Molecular Structure - correct organisms have same genetic code (because of common ancestor) with little difference. -->differences exist due to mutations that are not deleterious and therefore still allow the organism to function normally. ex. DNA of mouse and human. Evolution proved because of some change in gene sequence even though majority are parallel. Vestigial Traits - correct types found in both modern organism and ancestor, but serves no purpose for modern organism. Natural selection does not act to eliminate it because not harmful to organism. Evidence for evolution because significant for ancestor, but due to change over time, serves no function to us ex. Humans have sequence for GLO pseudogene to synthesize vitamin C, but it does not work. Evidence for species changing over time - correct answers.1.Fossils 2. Law of succession 3. Fossil series/transitional forms 4. Direct Observation Fossils - correct ls of extinct organisms look similar to modern day organisms -----species are related but evolution occurs so that some traits are not shared with modern organism Law of succession - correct ls in a particular area share similarities with organisms in that area Fossil series/Transitional forms - correct answers.Fossil records that show anatomical changes in a specific organism ex. whale: sea creature --> land animal --> sea creature. shows that species change over time Direct observation - correct answers.Observing traits of organisms directly to note changes ex. Drought in Galapagos islands left large seeds, so through evolutionary changes, only birds with big and wide beaks had high fitness. Avg. beak size changed overall James Ussher - correct is occurred Sunday Oct 23rd 4004 B.C.; humans have prehistory Galileo, Copernicus, Newton - correct answers.Earth is part of larger universe Thomas Hobbes - correct answers.Humans are diff now than before thus earth has changed. Fossils = living things from before The Englightenment - correct lectual resistance against the Church Carolus Linnaeus - correct answers."Father of Taxonomy" --believed that species couldn't change --ordered species through relativism Lamarck - correct answers.1. species change over time; never go extinct 2. species give rise to new species (Darwin agrees with) 3. Characteristics are inherited 4. Complex organisms evolve longer Malthus - correct answers.1. Pop growing, but food isnt, so struggle for existence and competition for food 2. Wealthy will outcompete the poor Lyell - correct answers.Uniformitarianism --> Earth formed by same processes that occur today 1. earth has no begging or end 2. change happens slowly Basis of evolution - correct answers.1. Natural Selection 2. Gene flow 3. Genetic drift 4. Mutation