Materials of the modern world
Alloys
1. A mixture of metals and other elements
2. Heating the metal and element together → cause them to melt and mix
Q. Why are alloys harder than their constituent metals?
- Metals mixed with other elements make the atoms harder to slide against each other
- Makes them harder to change in shape
- Can show that they are harder and stronger than the original metal
Uses of alloys
1. More useful properties than constituent metals
Alloy Composition Properties Uses
Carbon steel Carbon, iron Harder than iron Motor car bodies
More resistant to corrosion Construction materials
Titanium alloy Titanium, aluminium, vanadium Strong but low in density Aircrafts, spacecrafts, glasses frames
Bronze Copper, tin Harder than copper and tin Making statues
More resistant to corrosion
Brass Copper, zinc Harder than copper and zinc Making musical instruments,
More resistant to corrosion doorknobs, keys
Duralumin Aluminium, copper, Strong but low in density Making aircrafts
magnesium, manganese
Coinage metals Copper, zinc, tin, nickel Harder and shinier than copper Making coins
Carat gold Gold, silver, copper Harder and shinier than gold Ornaments and coins
Solder Tin, lead Low melting point than tin & lead Joining electronic circuit boards
Harder than them
Composition of crude oil
1. Thick black liquid with pungent odour (also called petroleum)
2. Most compounds in crude oil are hydrocarbons (Carbon x2 + 4 = Hydrogen)
- Methane CH4
- Ethane C2H6
- Propane C3H8
- Butane C4H10
Alloys
1. A mixture of metals and other elements
2. Heating the metal and element together → cause them to melt and mix
Q. Why are alloys harder than their constituent metals?
- Metals mixed with other elements make the atoms harder to slide against each other
- Makes them harder to change in shape
- Can show that they are harder and stronger than the original metal
Uses of alloys
1. More useful properties than constituent metals
Alloy Composition Properties Uses
Carbon steel Carbon, iron Harder than iron Motor car bodies
More resistant to corrosion Construction materials
Titanium alloy Titanium, aluminium, vanadium Strong but low in density Aircrafts, spacecrafts, glasses frames
Bronze Copper, tin Harder than copper and tin Making statues
More resistant to corrosion
Brass Copper, zinc Harder than copper and zinc Making musical instruments,
More resistant to corrosion doorknobs, keys
Duralumin Aluminium, copper, Strong but low in density Making aircrafts
magnesium, manganese
Coinage metals Copper, zinc, tin, nickel Harder and shinier than copper Making coins
Carat gold Gold, silver, copper Harder and shinier than gold Ornaments and coins
Solder Tin, lead Low melting point than tin & lead Joining electronic circuit boards
Harder than them
Composition of crude oil
1. Thick black liquid with pungent odour (also called petroleum)
2. Most compounds in crude oil are hydrocarbons (Carbon x2 + 4 = Hydrogen)
- Methane CH4
- Ethane C2H6
- Propane C3H8
- Butane C4H10
