C165 - Integrated Physical Sciences - Unit Quizzes fully solved

The origin of water on Earth is not yet fully understood. To test one of the hypotheses, scientists launched a gigantic observational balloon to the height of almost 130,000 feet to measure the amounts of water in comets and asteroids based on the light reflected from these objects. The science BEST SUITED to calculating the forces required to launch the balloon to the required altitude is Physics Which physical science is the BEST to study the composition of Earth's atmosphere? Earth Science The science BEST for studying how hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide react is Chemistry The science BEST for studying photosynthetic bacteria is Life Science What is usually the main advantage of being able to do a laboratory experiment rather than a field study if both investigations allow you to collect similar information? It is possible to change only one variable at a time. Some students carry out an experiment in which they tilt a wooden plank by propping up one end with books, so that its height is a distance h above the table. The students release a steel ball bearing at different positions along the ramp measured as x. Each time they do this for a different value of x, they measure the speed of the ball bearing at the end of the ramp. Anwers: Independent variable: x Dependent variable: Speed Control variable: h Which of these fields depends the MOST on observational studies? Earth Science The kinetic theory of gases is based on the assumption that the molecules that form the gas are in random motion and bounce off the walls of their container and off each other as if they were billiard balls. The forces between real molecules are more complicated. This is an example of: Using a model Why can't astronomers carry out a scientific research study to determine which visible star, other than our sun, is the nicest? There is no way to prove any answer wrong. Galileo found that when air resistance can be ignored, heavier and lighter objects fall in the same way. He tested this rule and confirmed it was consistent with all available data. The rule Galileo found can BEST be described as a: Law Which of these describes a statement that has usually NOT yet been tested? Hypothesis It is often said that you can never prove a scientific theory right. Why? It is impossible to directly test every single instance in which it applies. Which of these is generally regarded by scientists to be the basis for deciding issues in science? empirical evidence including experiments and observations Which of the following describes how scientific investigations are carried out? Scientists use different procedures but rely on evidence and testing to confirm their ideas. Why is it important to have standard measures for physical quantities? To allow for the comparison of measurements with anyone familiar with the measurement system. What is the official SI base unit for length? Meter Which of these is a derived quantity? Volume Which device could NOT be used to measure length? Balance scale Which of the following pairs of variables has an inverse relationship? Your driving speed and the time required to drive a certain distance The study of atoms, molecules, their structures, and their interactions to form new substances Chemistry Iron ore consists mainly of iron atoms and oxygen atoms joined to each other to form several different possible forms of iron oxide. Which branch of physical science MOST directly deals with developing ways to remove the oxygen from iron oxide, thus leaving iron metal? Chemistry Which field of physical science MOST directly explains how the motion of the continents over 100 million years led to mountains and volcanoes in some places above land, and deep ocean trenches in other places beneath the ocean surface? Earth science Satellites orbiting Earth scan the light reflected from below, and the data can then be analyzed to get information about the objects that reflected the light. This technology is called "remote sensing." For example, they can even distinguish between astroturf in a football field and real grass on the ground below, even though these look the same to the human eye. Which field of science would MOST directly devise ways to detect and analyze reflected light obtained by remote sensing? Physics Which of the following terms do BEST describe a research project in which scientists place microphones at the bottom of the seafloor to study the sounds orca whales make? a field study Which of these fields relies the MOST on laboratory studies? chemistry Many species of fish contain a swim bladder within their body that is filled with gas and helps the fish to control and maintain their depth below the water. What two fields of science MOST directly explain the operation and evolution of the swim bladder of fish? physics and life science Which physical science MOST directly deals with the fundamental nature of time, space, energy, forces, and motion of matter? Physics At a scientific conference, a researcher suggests that fossil fuels did not originate from the decomposition of organic materials, but instead were produced by inorganic means. What does this statement represent? Hypothesis How does a hypothesis compare with a law? A law is supported by extensive evidence, but a hypothesis has not been tested enough to be supported by extensive evidence yet.