WGU Integrated Physical Sciences C165 – PA with verified correct answers

A mathematical model is used to predict the trajectory of a bullet fired from a gun. Which discipline of physical science is used to develop this model? Physics Chemistry Earth science Astronomy Physics An environmental scientist monitors pollutants in a lake. Which two disciplines of physical science does this scientist use? Choose 2 answers Astronomy Chemistry Earth science Physics Chemistry & Earth Science Which study involves both Earth science and physics? Calculating how much energy is associated with a hurricane Measuring the energy produced by a generator Comparing the composition of crude oil from different regions Monitoring changes in phosphorus levels of a lake Calculating how much energy is associated with a hurricane Which question could be answered with a controlled experiment? Does ice melt faster in an empty glass or in a glass full of water? Do all planets have the same shape of orbit around the sun? What is the maximum distance between Earth and Jupiter? What is the length of the longest river in North America? Does ice melt faster in an empty glass or in a glass full of water? Which topic would be appropriate for a controlled experiment? Determining how fast different chemical pollutants dissolve in water Comparing the elements present in different stars Measuring how fast a river flows Predicting the path of a tornado Determining how fast different chemical pollutants dissolve in water Which question requires a controlled experiment to answer? Which type of rock contains the most calcium? Which planet has the most moons? Which elements are found in Earth's atmosphere? Which fossils formed earliest in Earth's history? Which type of rock contains the most calcium? Sir Isaac Newton discovered that the force of gravity between two masses increases if the masses increase, and decreases if the distance between the masses increases. No experiments have ever contradicted this relationship. Which type of scientific statement is this? Hypothesis Theory Law Prediction Law The well-accepted scientific explanation for many characteristics of Earth's crust states that the crust is broken into several large plates. These plates move slowly over the mantle below because of convection and other processes. Earthquakes and volcanoes are most common at places where the plates interact. Evidence from physics, chemistry, and geology supports this explanation. Which type of scientific idea is this explanation an example of? Hypothesis Theory Law Prediction Theory A student proposes that sugar will dissolve faster in rubbing alcohol than in water. The student reasons that sugar and rubbing alcohol both contain carbon so they will mix more easily. Which type of scientific idea is the student's proposal an example of? Hypothesis Theory Law Observation Hypothesis Why was the shrinking Earth idea replaced by the theory of plate tectonics? Plate tectonics was a new theory, which made it more reliable. Plate tectonics explained observations about Earth that the shrinking Earth idea could not explain. Geologists voted on which theory to accept, and chose plate tectonics. Many well-known geologists were involved in proposing plate tectonics. Plate tectonics explained observations about Earth that the shrinking Earth idea could not explain. Astronomers have long accepted that plate tectonics exists nowhere in our solar system except on Earth. In 2011, a scientist analyzed 100 NASA-space-mission photographs of Valles Marineris on Mars, the longest known series of canyons in the solar system. The scientist found that Valles Marineris showed features found only in locations on Earth where major tectonic plates divide. What would be the appropriate response of scientists to this information? Reject plate tectonics on Mars as the explanation because it contradicts accepted science Decide whether to accept plate tectonics on Mars based on the reputation of scientists involved Hold public debates among scientists and then vote whether plate tectonics occurs on Mars Carry out further research to gain more understanding of possible plate tectonics on Mars Carry out further research to gain more understanding of possible plate tectonics on Mars According to the theory of plate tectonics, volcanoes are especially likely to form along plate boundaries because of rising magma. New satellite data mapping the ocean floor reveals thousands of seamounts, which are small volcanoes. Some of the seamounts are in lines that could correspond to past or present plate boundaries, but many are not aligned in this way. How should scientists appropriately respond to the idea that some new mechanism of forming the volcanoes is involved? Reject it because it contradicts the theory of plate tectonics Accept it if the person proposing it is a credible expert on plate tectonics. Carry out more research to understand better how the seamounts form Stage public debates to get a consensus on how the seamounts form Carry out more research to understand better how the seamounts form For many decades, scientists thought they understood how ozone breaks down in the stratosphere, creating ozone holes. However, new data show significantly lower reaction rates than can be explained by the long-held model. What is the appropriate scientific approach for dealing with this contradiction? Conduct additional experiments to confirm the new data Ignore the new data because it contradicts the accepted model Ask the general public to vote on which data are correct Accept whichever data the most famous scientists support Conduct additional experiments to confirm the new data For almost 1500 years most scientists in Europe accepted Ptolemy's geocentric planetary model that suggested the sun revolved around Earth. By the eighteenth century, most scientists supported a heliocentric model that suggests that Earth revolves around the sun. What is an appropriate scientific basis for this change in view? The most prominent scientist that supported the geocentric model died The existing theory was changed to account for new data The old theory was voted down by a scientific council The heliocentric model was supported by a popular scientist The existing theory was changed to account for new data A woman does pushups by lowering her body to the floor using her arms and then pressing against the floor with her hands to push herself back up. Which force causes her to rise? The downward force of gravity that Earth exerts on the woman The downward force that the woman's arms exert on the ground The upward force that the ground exerts on the woman The upward force that the woman's arms exert on the ground The upward force that the ground exerts on the woman Two boxes sitting on the floor look identical, but one has more mass than the other. What happens when the same net force, sufficient to overcome static friction, is applied to each box? The box with less mass accelerates more. The box with more mass accelerates more. Both boxes accelerate at the same rate. Both boxes remain at rest. The box with less mass accelerates more. Two identical train engines are parked on parallel tracks. One engine has ten cars attached, and the other has no cars attached. Each engine exerts the same net force, which allows the train to overcome static friction. Which engine will be able to accelerate more? The engine not pulling any cars will accelerate more. The engine pulling ten cars will accelerate more. Both engines will accelerate at the same rate. Both engines will remain at rest. The engine not pulling any cars will accelerate more. A woman applies an upward force to a basket filled with groceries. Assume she is standing still. What will happen to the basket if the force she applies is greater than the force of gravity? The basket will move sideways. The basket will remain at the same height. The basket will move up. The basket will move down. The basket will move up. A heavy truck and a light car travel at the same velocity side-by-side on the highway. Both drivers apply the same braking force at the same moment. What will happen to the two vehicles? The car will slow down more quickly than the truck. The truck will slow down more quickly than the car. Both vehicles will slow down at the same rate. The car will slow down but the truck will continue at the same speed. The car will slow down more quickly than the truck. Which force causes graphite from the tip of a pencil to transfer to the paper? Friction Gravity Air Resistance Tension Friction Which force keeps Jupiter in orbit around the Sun? Air resistance Gravity Kinetic friction Magnetism Gravity Which force causes a jet airplane to stop on a runway? Friction Gravity Tension Centripetal Force Friction Which force causes meteors to burn up when they enter Earth's atmosphere? Friction Gravity Magnetism Tension Friction A slingshot is a Y-shaped stick with rubber bands between the prongs for shooting stones and other small projectiles. A stone is shot by first placing it in the slingshot holder, which is attached to the rubber bands. The stone and holder are then pulled back, stretching the rubber bands. When released, the stone is propelled forward and leaves the slingshot at a high speed. Which type of energy transformation occurs from the point when the rubber bands are fully stretched to when the stone leaves the slingshot? Chemical potential energy is converted into gravitational potential energy. Gravitational potential energy is converted into thermal energy. Chemical potential energy is converted into gravitational potential energy. Elastic potential energy is converted into kinetic energy. Elastic potential energy is converted into kinetic energy. Which type of energy conversion occurs at the moment fireworks explode? Elastic potential energy is converted into thermal energy. Gravitational potential energy is converted into thermal energy. Chemical potential energy is converted into kinetic energy. Elastic potential energy is converted into gravitational potential energy.. Chemical potential energy is converted into kinetic energy. What energy conversion takes place as a box slides to a stop on a horizontal table? Kinetic energy is converted into thermal energy. Gravitational potential energy is converted into kinetic energy. Chemical potential energy is converted into gravitational potential energy. Elastic potential energy is converted into gravitational potential energy. Kinetic energy is converted into thermal energy. What energy conversion occurs in a car's engine? Kinetic energy is converted into elastic potential energy. Gravitational potential energy is converted into electrical potential energy. Chemical potential energy is converted into thermal energy. Thermal energy is converted into gravitational potential energy. Chemical potential energy is converted into thermal energy. Which kind of electromagnetic radiation carries information to and from a cell phone when it is used for a phone call? Microwaves X-rays Infrared radiation Ultraviolet radiation Microwaves