Test Bank For Interpersonal Relationships 6th Edition, Professional Communication Skills For Nurses By Elizabeth C. Arnold & Kathleen Boggs Chapter 1-23 Latest Version

Test Bank For Interpersonal Relationships 6th Edition, Professional Communication Skills For Nurses By Elizabeth C. Arnold & Kathleen Boggs Chapter 1-23 Latest Version . Chapter 1: Theoretical Perspectives and Contemporary Issues MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Which of the following best describes the role of theory in the nurse-client relationship? a. Theory provides a common language. b. Theory is the essence of the nurse-client relationship. c. Theory varies with changes in health care delivery. d. Theory guides nursing practice. ANS: D Theory provides nurses with a systematic way to view client situations and a logical way to organize and interpret data. Incorrect answers: 1. Theory does provide a common language for nurses, but this question asks what best describes the role of theory in the nurse-client relationship. 2. Theory acts as a framework or guide; it is not the essence of the relationship. 3. Theory provides a common framework for describing practice. DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: Text Page Reference: p. 3 TOP: Step of the Nursing Process: All phases MSC: Client Needs: Safe, Effective Care Environment: Management of Care 2. Nurse Jones demonstrates the application of modern nursing theory when she: a. Administers insulin to a client with diabetes b. Assists a physician with a pelvic examination c. Teaches a client techniques of self breast examination d. Makes up a client’s bed ANS: C Modern nursing theory has broadened the definition of health with a strong emphasis on disease prevention and health promotion. Incorrect answers: 1,2,4. These are all nursing tasks, and modern nursing theory puts less emphasis on tasks and systems. DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: Text Page Reference: p. 22 TOP: Step of the Nursing Process: Implementation MSC: Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance 3. Nursing theory originated with which of the following nursing leaders? This study source was downloaded by from CourseH on 12-18-2021 22:46:25 GMT -06:00 a. Virginia Henderson b. Martha Rogers c. Dorothea Orem d. Florence Nightingale ANS: D Theory development began when Florence Nightingale published her notes on nursing in 1859. Incorrect answers: 1,2,3. These nursing theorists began their theory development from the 1940s onward. DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: Text Page Reference: p. 3 TOP: Step of the Nursing Process: All phases MSC: Client Needs: Management of Care 4. Virginia Henderson, Sister Callista Roy, Jean Watson, Dorothea Orem, and Rosemary Parse are best known for: a. Developing nursing theories b. Linking theory to practice c. Validating existing theory d. Measuring clinical outcomes ANS: A These are some of the nursing leaders who developed the original theories of nursing. Incorrect answers: 2,3,4. Linking theory to practice, validating existing theory, and measuring clinical outcomes are modern practice based theories. DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: Text Page Reference: p. 3 TOP: Step of the Nursing Process: All phases MSC: Client Needs: Management of Care 5. Nursing’s metaparadigm: a. Helps bind nursing to other professions b. Consists of three elements—person, health, and nursing c. Makes nursing’s functions unique d. Is a view of the immediate environment ANS: C This study source was downloaded by from CourseH on 12-18-2021 22:46:25 GMT -06:00 Nursing’s metaparadigm is a worldwide view that makes its functions unique. Incorrect answers: 1. Nursing’s metaparadigm distinguishes nursing from other professions. 2. Nursing’s metaparadigm consists of four elements: person, environment, health, and nursing. 4. It is a worldview. DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: Text Page Reference: p. 4 TOP: Step of the Nursing Process: All phases MSC: Client Needs: Management of Care 6. Nurse Green, when admitting Mr. Brown to the medical-surgical unit, asks him about cultural issues. By doing this, Nurse Green is demonstrating use of the concept of: a. Person b. Environment c. Health d. Nursing ANS: B The concept of environment includes cultural and religious beliefs. Incorrect answers: 1. Person is the recipient of care. 3. Health emphasizes well-being. 4. Nursing empowers clients to achieve health. DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: Text Page Reference: p. 5 TOP: Step of the Nursing Process: Assessment MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity 7. Mary, a young mother, tells you “I’m worried because my son needs a blood transfusion. I don’t know what to do, because blood transfusions cause AIDS.” Which central nursing concept is represented in this situation? a. Environment b. Caring c. Health d. Person ANS: D With the concept of person, nurses provide educational and emotional support to families. Incorrect answers: 1. Environment refers to the internal and external context of the client. 2. Caring is an essential characteristic of the practice of nursing. 3. Health emphasizes the equilibrium of all elements. DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: Text Page Reference: p. 4 TOP: Step of the Nursing Process: Implementation MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity This study source was downloaded by from CourseH on 12-18-2021 22:46:25 GMT -06:00 8. Performing a dressing change using sterile technique is an example of which pattern of knowledge? a. Empirical b. Personal c. Aesthetic d. Ethical ANS: A Empirical knowledge is the scientific rationale for skilled nursing interventions. Incorrect answers: 2. Personal ways of knowing allow the nurse to understand and treat each individual as a unique person. 3. Aesthetic ways of knowing allow the nurse to connect in different and more meaningful ways. 4. Ethical ways of knowing refer to the moral aspects of nursing. DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: Text Page Reference: p. 7 TOP: Step of the Nursing Process: Implementation MSC: Client Needs: Management of Care 9. The nurse-client relationship as described by Peplau: a. Would not be useful in a short-stay unit b. Allows personal and social growth to occur only for the client c. Leaves the client with a greater sense of well-being d. Describes phases of the relationship that are mutually exclusive ANS: C An important aspect of the nurse-client relationship is to leave the client with a greater sense of well-being than before the encounter. Incorrect answers: 1. The nurse-client relationship can be effective in even short interactions. 2. Growth occurs for both client and nurse. 4. Phases can overlap and build on one another. DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: Text Page Reference: p. 9 TOP: Step of the Nursing Process: All phases MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity 10. Which of the following is the purpose of the nurse-client relationship? a. Foster spiritual well-being of the client b. Foster understanding of the client’s health problem c. Foster physical health of the client d. Foster a partnership with the client This study source was downloaded by from CourseH on 12-18-2021 22:46:25 GMT -06:00 ANS: D The purpose of the nurse-client relationship is to have a meaningful shared experience in which personal/social growth occurs for both nurse and client. Incorrect answers: 1. Spiritual well-being can result from a nurse-client relationship, but is not the purpose. 2. This also can result from a successful nurse-client relationship, but it also is not the purpose. 3. The nurse-client relationship can foster changes in health status and wellbeing, but it is not the purpose. DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: Text Page Reference: p. 9 TOP: Step of the Nursing Process: All phases MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity 11. According to Peplau, which of the following represents “exploitation,” the third phase of the nurse-client relationship? a. John Adams, RN, meets with the client, Mr. Jones, to obtain data b. John Adams, RN, develops the nursing diagnosis, Anxiety about upcoming surgery c. John Adams, RN, develops the goal to decrease Mr. Jones’ anxiety within two sessions d. John Adams, RN, teaches Mr. Jones to perform relaxation techniques ANS: D The exploitation phase uses resources to help the client resolve issues and learn new coping strategies. Incorrect answers: 1. This is the orientation phase. 2. This is the working phase. 3. This is the working phase. DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: Text Page Reference: p. 9 TOP: Step of the Nursing Process: Implementation MSC: Client Needs: Management of Care 12. The identification phase of the nurse-client relationship: a. Sets the stage for the rest of the relationship b. Correlates with the assessment phase of the nursing process c. Focuses on mutual clarification of ideas and expectations d. Uses community resources to help resolve health care issues ANS: C The identification component of the working phase focuses on mutual clarification. Incorrect answers: 1. The orientation phase sets the stage for the rest of the relationship. 2. The orientation phase correlates with the assessment phase. 4. This is the termination phase. DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: Text Page Reference: p. 9 This study source was downloaded by from CourseH on 12-18-2021 22:46:25 GMT -06:00 TOP: Step of the Nursing Process: Planning MSC: Client Needs: Management of Care 13. Anger directed at the nurse by the family of a client newly diagnosed with cancer can best be understood in the context of: a. Martin Buber’s I-Thou relationship b. Abraham Maslow’s hierarchy of needs c. Carl Jung’s concepts of adult development d. Sigmund Freud’s ego defense mechanisms ANS: D Freud identified ego defense mechanisms that a person uses to protect the self from anxiety. One of these is the projection of anger. Incorrect answers: 1. In an I-Thou relationship individuals respond in a mutually respectful manner. 2. Maslow describes categories of needs that must be satisfied according to a hierarchy. 3. Jung’s concepts of adult development help nurses understand changes in values that are important to older adults. DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: Text Page Reference: p. 10 TOP: Step of the Nursing Process: Implementation MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity 14. Which of the following theorists viewed the professional’s relationship with the client as a means to help the client grow and change? a. Maslow b. Rogers c. Erikson d. Beck ANS: B According to Carl Rogers, if the professional could provide a certain type of relationship, the client would find the capacity to grow and change. Incorrect answers: 1. Maslow focused on a hierarchy of needs. 3. Erickson talked about developmental stages. 4. Beck focuses on cognitive distortions. DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: Text Page Reference: p. 11 TOP: Step of the Nursing Process: All phases MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity 15. Nurse Smith wants to provide medication education to a group of clients diagnosed with schizophrenia. It would be most helpful for nurse Smith to keep in mind the concepts of: This study source was downloaded by from CourseH on 12-18-2021 22:46:25 GMT -06:00 a. Freud’s transference and counter-transference b. Rogers’ person-centered relationship c. Maslow’s self-actualization d. Erikson’s principles of personality development ANS: B Rogers’ concepts are applicable for nurse-client teaching formats. Incorrect answers: 1. Transference and counter-transference may occur, but in providing education the most helpful concepts are those of Rogers. 3. Self-actualization is the highest level of need satisfaction; it would not be useful in providing medication education. 4. Erikson describes four stages of the life cycle to help the person develop identity. These would not be useful in providing psychoeducation. DIF: Cognitive Level: Analysis REF: Text Page Reference: p. 12 TOP: Step of the Nursing Process: Planning MSC: Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance 16. Which of the following statements about communication theory is true? a. Primates are able to learn new languages to share ideas and feelings b. Concepts include only verbal communication c. Perceptions are clarified through feedback d. Past experience does not influence communication ANS: C Feedback is necessary to confirm that participants have the same understanding of the message. Incorrect answers: 1. Only humans are capable of learning new languages to share ideas and feelings. 2. Both verbal and nonverbal concepts are important. 4. Past experiences do influence communication. DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: Text Page Reference: p. 17 TOP: Step of the Nursing Process: All phases MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity 17. In the circular transactional model of communication: a. Systems theory concepts are included b. People take only complementary roles in the communication c. The context of the communication is unimportant d. The purpose of communication is to influence the receiver ANS: A This study source was downloaded by from CourseH on 12-18-2021 22:46:25 GMT -06:00 Systems theory concepts of feedback and validation are included. Incorrect answers: 2. People take either symmetrical or complementary roles. 3. The context is very important. 4. This is the purpose in the linear model of communication. DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: Text Page Reference: p. 17 TOP: Step of the Nursing Process: All phases MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity 18. Feedback: a. Occurs in some interactions b. Involves only verbal responses c. Does not include validation d. Can focus on the feelings generated ANS: D Feedback can focus on content, relationship, feelings, or events. Incorrect answers: 1. Feedback always occurs. 2. Feedback involves both verbal and nonverbal responses. 3. Validation is a form of feedback. DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: Text Page Reference: p. 17 TOP: Step of the Nursing Process: All phases MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity 19. As a nursing student you are expected to engage in therapeutic communication with clients. Which of the following statements represents therapeutic communication when a student discovers a client crying in bed? a. “Hi, Joe; I am the nurse who will be doing your treatments today.” b. “Hi, Joe; will you listen to me so I can help you get better?” c. “Hi, Joe; this is what is going to happen during surgery.” d. “Hi, Joe; can we talk about what seems to be bothering you?” ANS: D This statement is goal-directed. Its purpose is to promote client well-being. Incorrect answers: 1. This communication is a statement of fact and it ignores the client’s emotional needs. 2. This is not goal-directed and does not involve mutuality. 3. This communication is simply one-way. It does not engage the client in a therapeutic manner. DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: Text Page Reference: p. 18 TOP: Step of the Nursing Process: Assessment This study source was downloaded by from CourseH on 12-18-2021 22:46:25 GMT -06:00 MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity 20. The current focus of the health care delivery system can be best described by: a. Telehealth b. The medical model c. Nursing’s metaparadigm d. Capitated health care ANS: C The current focus of health care delivery is on using a public health framework rather than a traditional model. Nursing’s metaparadigm, with the emphasis on the interrelationship between person and environment, stresses health promotion and disease prevention. Incorrect answers: 1. Tele-health is part of the current system, but not the focus. 2. The medical model treatment of disease was a past focus of health care. 4. Capitated health care focuses on resource allocation. DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: Text Page Reference: p. 18 TOP: Step of the Nursing Process: All phases MSC: Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance This study source was downloaded by from CourseH on 12-18-2021 22:46:25 GMT -06:00 Powered by TCPDF () Arnold: Interpersonal Relationships, 6th Edition Test Bank Chapter 2: Professional Guides to Action in Interpersonal Relationships MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Legal documents developed at the state level that govern the provision of professional nursing care are known as: a. NCLEX b. Nurse Practice Acts c. Professional standards of care d. Tort laws ANS: B Nurse Practice Acts define nursing’s scope of practice and outline nurses’ rights, responsibilities, and licensing requirements. Incorrect answers: 1. NCLEX is the National Council Licensure Examination. 3. Professional standards of care are statements that describe levels of care or performance common to the nursing profession. 4. Tort laws are legal tenets. DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: Text Page Reference: p. 29 TOP: Step of the Nursing Process: All phases MSC: Client Needs: Management of Care 2. A preoperative assessment shows that a client’s hemoglobin level is dropping. The anesthetist orders 3 units of blood to be administered. The nurse administers the first unit before discovering that the client is a Jehovah’s witness, as documented in the record. This is an example of: a. Professional conduct b. A negligent act c. Physical abuse d. Breaching client confidentiality ANS: B The nurse was negligent by not checking the record and by failure to inform and obtain verbal consent of the client for the procedure. Incorrect answers: 1. This is an example of misconduct. 3. The nurse did not intend to physically harm the patient. 4. The nurse did not breach client confidentiality. DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: Text Page Reference: p. 29 TOP: Step of the Nursing Process: All phases MSC: Client Needs: Management of Care This study source was downloaded by from CourseH on 12-18-2021 22:44:42 GMT -06:00 3. Which of the following is a violation of client confidentiality? Reporting: a. Certain communicable diseases b. Child abuse c. Gunshot wounds d. Client data to a colleague in a nonprofessional setting ANS: D Releasing information to people not directly involved in the client’s care is a breach of confidentiality. Incorrect answers: 1,2,3. These situations require mandatory reporting. DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: Text Page Reference: p. 30 TOP: Step of the Nursing Process: All phases MSC: Client Needs: Management of Care 4. A 16-year-old trauma victim arrives in the emergency department and requires emergency surgery. The nurse knows that: a. A parent/guardian must give consent b. The client can give consent if she provides proof of emancipation c. The client must first be evaluated for competency before obtaining consent d. Surgery can be performed without consent ANS: D Surgery can be performed without consent because it is a life-threatening emergency. Incorrect answers: 1. Normally this is true, but in a life-threatening emergency, medical care can be administered without consent. 2. This is not necessary in a life-threatening situation. 3. This is not needed in a life-threatening situation. DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: Text Page Reference: p. 30 TOP: Step of the Nursing Process: All phases MSC: Client Needs: Management of Care 5. In regard to informed consent, which of the following statements is true? a. Only legally incompetent adults can give consent. b. Only parents can give consent for minor children c. It is not required that the client be told about costs and alternatives to treatment. d. Consent must be voluntary. ANS: D For legal consent to be valid, it must be voluntary. Incorrect answers: 1. Only legally competent adults can give consent. 2. Parents or legal guardians can give consent for minor children. 3. Clients must have full disclosure about risks/benefits including costs and alternatives. This study source was downloaded by from CourseH on 12-18-2021 22:44:42 GMT -06:00 DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: Text Page Reference: p. 30 TOP: Step of the Nursing Process: All phases MSC: Client Needs: Management of Care 6. Which of the following provides the health care team with information regarding the client’s wishes regarding life-prolonging treatment protocols? a. Advanced directive b. Informed consent c. Statement of clients’ rights d. Professional code of ethics ANS: A Clients can put individual preferences in writing that are recognized by law. An Advance directives is a legal document that must be voluntarily signed and witnessed. Incorrect answers: 2. Informed consent is made at or shortly before treatment. 3. This is a broad, general statement about clients’ rights. 4. The professional code of ethics outlines principled behaviors and values expected of professional nurses. DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: Text Page Reference: p. 32 TOP: Step of the Nursing Process: All phases MSC: Client Needs: Management of Care 7. The client has a living will in which he states he does not want to be kept alive by artificial means. The client’s family wants to disregard the client’s wishes and have him maintained on artificial life support. The most appropriate initial course of action for the nurse would be to: a. Tell the family that they have no legal rights b. Tell the family that they have the right to override the living will because the patient cannot speak c. Report the situation to the hospital ethics’ committee d. Allow the family to ventilate their feelings and concerns, while maintaining the role of client advocate ANS: D This is the most appropriate action at the time to assist the family to deal with their loss and come to terms with their family member’s wishes. Incorrect answers: 1. This statement would not be supportive and might create hostility. 2. The family does not have the right to override a living will. 3. This is not the most appropriate initial course of action. DIF: Cognitive Level: Analysis REF: Text Page Reference: p. 32 TOP: Step of the Nursing Process: Implementation MSC: Client Needs: Management of Care This study source was downloaded by from CourseH on 12-18-2021 22:44:42 GMT -06:00 8. The nurse collects both objective and subjective data. An example of subjective data is: a. BP 140/80 b. Skin color jaundiced c. “I have a headache.” d. History of seizures ANS: C Subjective refers to the client’s perception. Incorrect answers: 1. Blood pressure recording is objective. 2. This observation by the nurse is objective data. 4. This is objective data. DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: Text Page Reference: p. 33 TOP: Step of the Nursing Process: Assessment MSC: Client Needs: Physiological Integrity 9. One evening as you are on duty as a registered nurse you observe a client pacing the floor. You approach the client and make the following statement to validate an inference: a. “You are anxious so let’s talk about it.” b. “Let’s try some deep breathing to help you relax.” c. “You seem anxious. Will you tell me what is going on?” d. “Clients who pace usually need to talk to a physician. Should I call yours?” ANS: C The nurse has inferred that the client is anxious but needs to ask further questions to validate the information. Incorrect answers: 1,4. You should not make assumptions without first confirming that the inference is correct. 2. This is an intervention; it is not validating an inference. DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: Text Page Reference: p. 34 TOP: Step of the Nursing Process: Assessment MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity 10. Developing a nursing diagnosis is the second phase of the nursing process. Mr. Brown, scheduled for a bilateral inguinal hernia repair the next day, is observed pacing on the unit. After validating that Mr. Brown is anxious about his upcoming surgery because he is afraid of pain, a relevant nursing diagnosis would be: a. Anxiety related to surgery b. Pain related to anxiety about surgery as evidenced by pacing c. Anxiety related to fear of post-operative pain as evidenced by pacing d. Pacing related to fear of postoperative pain This study source was downloaded by from CourseH on 12-18-2021 22:44:42 GMT -06:00 ANS: C Anxiety is the problem to be addressed. Related to connects the problem to the etiology (fear of pain). The third part of the statement identifies the clinical evidence (pacing) that supports the diagnosis. Incorrect answers: 1. There are three parts to a nursing diagnosis and the anxiety is related specifically to fear of pain after surgery. 2. The problem to be addressed is the anxiety, not the pain, at this time. 4. There are only two parts to this statement. Pacing is the evidence, not the problem. DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: Text Page Reference: p. 34 TOP: Step of the Nursing Process: Nursing Diagnosis MSC: Client Needs: Management of Care 11. Which of the following is an outcome for a client with a broken leg? a. Client will develop an ambulation program within 1 month. b. Encourage client to ambulate with cast using crutches c. Client asks, “When will I walk again?” d. Alteration in mobility because of a broken leg ANS: A Outcomes are goals that are measurable, achievable, and client-centered. Incorrect answers: 2. This is a nursing intervention. 3. This is not an outcome; it is a question. 4. This is part of a nursing diagnosis. DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: Text Page Reference: p. 35 TOP: Step of the Nursing Process: Outcome Identification MSC: Client Needs: Physiological Integrity 12. Which of the following is an independent intervention for a client, Mary Ann, who has been admitted to the hospital for a surgical procedure? She states to you, “I am very anxious about my surgery, which is scheduled for tomorrow.” a. “Let me give you some medication to make you more comfortable.” b. “Let’s talk about your feelings regarding the surgery” c. “Let me check your vital signs now” d. “Let me help you with this breathing machine in preparation for the surgery” ANS: B Independent nursing interventions are interventions that nurses can provide without direction from other health care professionals. Incorrect answers: 1. This is a dependent nursing intervention. It requires a physician’s order. 3. This is an example of a dependent nursing action. 4. This is an example of a collaborative nursing intervention—working together with respiratory therapy. DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: Text Page Reference: p. 37 TOP: Step of the Nursing Process: Implementation This study source was downloaded by from CourseH on 12-18-2021 22:44:42 GMT -06:00 MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity 13. Setting goals with the client occurs during which step of the nursing process? a. Assessment b. Planning c. Implementation d. Evaluation ANS: B Outcome identification occurs during the planning phase. Incorrect answers: 1. Goals are identified during planning, not assessment. 3. Nursing interventions are performed during the implementation phase. 4. During this phase, goal achievement is evaluated. DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: Text Page Reference: p. 36 TOP: Step of the Nursing Process: Outcome Identification and Planning MSC: Client Needs: Management of Care 14. Defining the problem occurs during which step of the nursing process? a. Diagnosis b. Planning c. Intervention d. Evaluation ANS: A Alterations in health status that require nursing interventions are defined in the diagnosis step of the nursing process. Incorrect answers: 2. Planning occurs after problem identification. 3. Interventions occur during implementation. 4. The effectiveness of the interventions is evaluated in the evaluation phase. DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: Text Page Reference: p. (34) TOP: Step of the Nursing Process: Diagnosis MSC: Client Needs: Management of Care 15. When evaluating the client’s progress toward goal achievement, the nurse needs to ask the following question: a. “Did the client tell the truth?” b. “Were the goals realistic?” c. “Did the physician diagnose the client’s condition correctly?” d. “Was the length of stay too short?” ANS: B This study source was downloaded by from CourseH on 12-18-2021 22:44:42 GMT -06:00 The goals need to be realistic and achievable for the interventions to be effective. Incorrect answers: 1. Validation of information occurs in the assessment phase. 3. Medical diagnosis is not part of the nursing process. 4. The nurse needs to work within the time frame allotted. DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: Text Page Reference: p. 38 TOP: Step of the Nursing Process: Evaluation MSC: Client Needs: Management of Care 16. The nursing process helps the nurse: a. Maintain confidentiality b. Attain self-actualization c. Maintain therapeutic communication d. Organize observations and perform care ANS: D The nursing process helps the nurse organize data and develop a diagnosis and interventions. Incorrect answers: 1. It is a means of sharing information with the health care team. 2. The nurse can use Maslow’s hierarchy of needs to prioritize care. 3. Therapeutic communication assists the nurse to use the nursing process. DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: Text Page Reference: p. 33 TOP: Step of the Nursing Process: All phases MSC: Client Needs: Management of Care 17. Which of the following describes a clinical pathway? a. Focused on individualized client needs b. Based on nursing diagnosis c. Directs collaborative practice d. Developed collaboratively with client ANS: C Clinical pathways are multidisciplinary clinical management frameworks. Incorrect answers: 1. Critical pathways are based on clinical diagnosis. 2. Critical pathways are based on clinical diagnosis. 4. Outcomes are developed collaboratively with client. DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: Text Page Reference: p. 40 TOP: Step of the Nursing Process: All phases of the nursing process MSC: Client Needs: Management of Care 18. During a routine visit, you note that Billy has several bruises at various stages of healing. Billy tells you he fell down. Failure to report your findings is an example of: a. Negligence This study source was downloaded by from CourseH on 12-18-2021 22:44:42 GMT -06:00 b. Reasonable prudence c. Maintenance of confidentiality d. HIPAA regulation ANS: A Failing to report suspected physical or sexual child abuse is an example of a negligent act. Incorrect answers: 2. Reasonable prudence is a nursing action that a reasonably prudent nurse would perform. 3. In this situation, confidentiality must be breached. 4. HIPAA regulations protect the privacy of client records. DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: Text Page Reference: p. 29 TOP: Step of the Nursing Process: Implementation MSC: Client Needs: Management of Care This study source was downloaded by from CourseH on 12-18-2021 22:44:42 GMT -06:00 Powered by TCPDF () Arnold: Interpersonal Relationships, 6th Edition Test Bank Chapter 3: Clinical Judgment: Applying Critical Thinking and Ethical Decision Making MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Which of the following types of thinking reflects the nursing process? a. Habits b. Inquiry c. Mnemonic d. Practice ANS: B A structured method of thinking is used in all steps of the nursing process. Incorrect answers: 1,4. Repetitive practice does not reflect the nursing process. 3. Memorizing does not reflect the nursing process. DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: Text Page Reference: p. 44 TOP: Step of the Nursing Process: All phases MSC: Client Needs: Management of Care 2. Which of the following personality characteristics is a barrier to critical thinking? a. Accepting change b. Being open-minded c. Stereotyping d. Going with the flow ANS: C Stereotyping is a cognitive barrier to critical thinking because it interferes with the ability to treat a client as an individual. Incorrect answers: 1. Critical thinkers recognize that priorities change continually. 2. Being open-minded is the ability to consider alternatives. 4. Being flexible is a bridge to critical thinking, not a barrier. DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: Text Page Reference: p. 45 TOP: Step of the Nursing Process: All phases MSC: Client Needs: Management of Care 3. The ethical decision-making model where good is defined as maximum welfare or happiness is known as the: a. Utilitarian model This study source was downloaded by from CourseH on 12-18-2021 22:47:08 GMT -06:00 b. Human rights based model c. Duty-based model d. Kant’s model ANS: A The utilitarian model is also known as the goal-based model where the duties of the nurse are determined by what will achieve maximum welfare. Incorrect answers: 2. In the human rights model, the client has basic rights, including the right to refuse care. 3. In the duty-based model, rightness is determined by moral worth. 4. The duty-based model is based on Kant’s philosophy. DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: Text Page Reference: p. 47 TOP: Step of the Nursing Process: All phases MSC: Client Needs: Management of Care 4. Which of the following case examples represents the ethical concept of distributive justice? a. A famous baseball player receives a heart transplant. b. An elderly client who has government insurance is denied standard cancer treatment. c. During a visit to his physician’s office, a client demands antibiotics for his cold and is given a prescription. d. A client suffering from cirrhosis of the liver is placed on a transplant list. ANS: B The decision to deny expensive treatments or to deny acute care to clients older than a certain age because of scarce treatment resources is an example of the concept of distributive justice. Incorrect answers: 1. This could be an example of the concept of social worth. 3. This is an example of the concept of unnecessary treatment. 4. This is an example of justice—being fair or impartial. DIF: Cognitive Level: Analysis REF: Text Page Reference: p. 50 MSC: Client Needs: Management of Care 5. Personal values are defined as: a. Values taught by one’s culture b. Altruism c. Two values that are in conflict d. Values determined by commitment ANS: A This study source was downloaded by from CourseH on 12-18-2021 22:47:08 GMT -06:00 These are conceptions of the ideal that have been taught by one’s culture. Incorrect answers: 2. This is a core value of professional nursing. 3. Cognitive dissonance refers to two conflicting values. 4. Value intensity refers to the amount of an individual’s commitment to values. DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: Text Page Reference: p. 46 TOP: Step of the Nursing Process: All phases MSC: Client Needs: Management of Care 6. Carol Green, RN, values autonomy or self-determination as well as the preservation of life. This is an example of: a. Conceptions of the ideal b. Cognitive dissonance c. Operative values d. Commitment ANS: B Cognitive dissonance refers to two conflicting values. Incorrect answers: 1. Conceptions of the ideal are conceived values. 3. Operative values do not refer to conflicting values. 4. Commitment refers to value intensity. DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: Text Page Reference: p. 45 TOP: Step of the Nursing Process: All phases MSC: Client Needs: Management of Care 7. Which of the following statements is true about the critical thinking process? a. It is a linear process. b. The skills are inborn. c. It involves self-reflection. d. It assists nurses to criticize the health care system. ANS: C Critical thinking involves “thinking about thinking.” Incorrect answers: 1. Critical thinking is a circular process. 2. The skills are learned. 4. Critical thinking is clinical judgment, not criticism. DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: Text Page Reference: p. 45 TOP: Step of the Nursing Process: All phases MSC: Client Needs: Management of Care 8. Differences between the critical thinking skills of a novice nurse and an expert nurse include: a. The expert nurse is able to diagnose faster than the novice This study source was downloaded by from CourseH on 12-18-2021 22:47:08 GMT -06:00 b. The expert nurse does not need to question and reassess like the novice nurse c. The novice nurse uses past knowledge, whereas the expert nurse stays in the here and now d. The expert nurse organizes data more efficiently than the novice nurse ANS: D The novice nurse does not organize facts as efficiently. Incorrect answers: 1. Novice nurses tend to jump too quickly to a diagnosis. 2. The expert nurse constantly questions and reassesses. 3. The expert nurse compares new information with prior knowledge, while the novice nurse makes fewer connections to past knowledge. DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: Text Page Reference: p. 45 MSC: Client Needs: Management of Care 9. John Smith, a client suffering from schizophrenia, has been stabilized on long-acting haloperidol, an antipsychotic medication that he receives by injection every 3 weeks. The physician switches his medication to Seroquel, a new antipsychotic oral medication that John has to take twice a day. The client complains that he cannot afford the new medication and will not be able to remember to take it. The physician replies, “I can’t help that; I have to treat you the way I think is best.” John’s nurse may experience: a. Paternalism b. Cognitive dissonance c. Nonmaleficence d. Moral distress ANS: D Moral distress results when the nurse knows what is right but is bound to do otherwise. Incorrect answers: 1. Paternalism is making decisions for clients based on what is thought best for them. 2. Cognitive dissonance occurs when there are two conflicting values. 3. Nonmaleficence is avoiding actions that bring harm to another person. DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: Text Page Reference: p. 48 TOP: Step of the Nursing Process: All phases MSC: Client Needs: Management of Care 10. Which of the following steps in applying critical thinking to clinical decision making corresponds with identification of personal values? a. First b. Second c. Third d. Fourth ANS: B This study source was downloaded by from CourseH on 12-18-2021 22:47:08 GMT -06:00 Personal values are identified in step 2. Incorrect answers: 1. In the first step concepts are clarified. 3. In step 3 data are integrated and missing data are identified. 4. In step 4 new data are obtained. DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: Text Page Reference: p. 55 TOP: Step of the Nursing Process: All phases MSC: Client Needs: Management of Care 11. The best method for nurse educators to teach professional values is: a. Reading the ANA code b. Laissez-fair c. Role modeling d. Values’ clarification ANS: C Professional values are transmitted by tradition and are modeled by expert nurses. Incorrect answers: 1. Professional values are stated in the ANA code, but the best way to transmit them is by modeling. 2. Professional values are transmitted by tradition and assimilated in the role socialization process. 4. Values’ clarification helps you identify and prioritize values. DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: Text Page Reference: p. 52 TOP: Step of the Nursing Process: All phases MSC: Client Needs: Management of Care 12. Which of the following describes the highest functional level of the values’ acquisition process? a. Prizes a value b. Acts upon value system c. Chooses a value d. Understands value system ANS: B Acting on a value is the strongest evidence in the values’ acquisition process. Incorrect answers: 1. This occurs during the fourth step of the process. 3. This occurs during the first step of the process. 4. This occurs during the third step of the process. DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: Text Page Reference: p. 53 TOP: Step of the Nursing Process: All phases MSC: Client Needs: Management of Care 13. The client’s values: a. Must coincide with those of the nurse This study source was downloaded by from CourseH on 12-18-2021 22:47:08 GMT -06:00 b. Are only considered during assessment c. Influence the nurse’s interventions d. Are not influenced by culture ANS: C Understanding the client’s value system is important for developing the most appropriate interventions. Incorrect answers: 1. It is not necessary for the client’s and nurse’s values to coincide; in fact, it is an unrealistic expectation. 2. The client’s value system is important to consider throughout the nursing process. 4. Values are influenced by culture and religious beliefs. DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: Text Page Reference: p. 52 TOP: Step of the Nursing Process: All phases MSC: Client Needs: Management of Care 14. Values’ clarification can be incorporated within the intervention phase of the nursing process by: a. Identifying ineffective family coping b. Identifying care guidelines c. Identifying client’s values d. Identifying specific nursing diagnosis ANS: B The intervention used identifies values as guidelines for care. Incorrect answers: 1. Ineffective family coping is a nursing diagnosis, not an intervention. 3. Values are identified and then used as care guidelines. 4. Nursing diagnosis does not occur during the intervention phase of the nursing process. DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: Text Page Reference: p. 52 TOP: Step of the Nursing Process: Implementation MSC: Client Needs: Management of Care 15. During the third step in the critical thinking process: a. New data are obtained b. Values are clarified c. Existing information is compared with past knowledge d. The problem is identified ANS: C During step 3 existing information is compared with past knowledge. Incorrect answers: 1. New data are obtained in step 4. 2. Values are clarified in step 2. 4. The problem is identified in step 5. DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: Text Page Reference: p. 56 This study source was downloaded by from CourseH on 12-18-2021 22:47:08 GMT -06:00 TOP: Step of the Nursing Process: All phases MSC: Client Needs: Management of Care 16. Betsy Green, student nurse, can best learn the steps in critical thinking by: a. Reading journals b. Classroom instruction c. Repeated practice d. Developing a mnemonic ANS: C The most effective method of learning the steps in critical thinking is by repeatedly applying them to clinical situations. Incorrect answers: 1,2,4. These are not the most effective ways of learning the steps. DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: Text Page Reference: p. 58 TOP: Step of the Nursing Process: All phases MSC: Client Needs: Management of Care 17. The bioethical principle of autonomy refers to: a. The client’s right to self-determination b. Avoiding actions that bring harm to another person c. A decision resulting in the greatest good or least harm d. Being fair or impartial ANS: A Autonomy means that each client has the right to decide about his or her own health care. Incorrect answers: 2. This refers to the principle of nonmaleficence. 3. This refers to the principle of beneficence. 4. This refers to the principle of justice. DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: Text Page Reference: p. 48 TOP: Step of the Nursing Process: All phases MSC: Client Needs: Management of Care MULTIPLE RESPONSE 1. Which of the following is true about critical thinkers? Select all that apply. Critical thinkers are: a. Open-minded b. Able to consider alternatives c. Use a purposeful reasoning process d. Use a linear thinking process e. Able to recognize information gaps This study source was downloaded by from CourseH on 12-18-2021 22:47:08 GMT -06:00 ANS: A, B, C, E Critical thinkers use specific thinking skills that are not rigid, and these allow the consideration of alternatives and recognition of gaps and available information. Incorrect answer: 4. Critical thinkers do not use a linear process, but constantly add new input. DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: Text Page Reference: p. 44 TOP: Step of the Nursing Process: All phases MSC: Client Needs: Management of Care This study source was downloaded by from CourseH on 12-18-2021 22:47:08 GMT -06:00 Powered by TCPDF () Arnold: Interpersonal Relationships, 6th Edition Test Bank Chapter 4: Self-Concept in the Nurse-Client Relationship MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Peplau described the third stage of self-development as: a. Matching of behavior with appraisals b. Repeated appraisals c. Appraisals being made by significant others d. Reappraisal of self ANS: A In the third stage, behavior emerges to match the appraisals. Incorrect answers: 2. This is the second stage. 3. This is the first stage. 4. This is the fourth stage. DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: Text Page Reference: p. 65 TOP: Step of the Nursing Process: All phases MSC: Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance 2. Which of the following represents the role of the nurse-client relationship in the development of self? a. It acts as an interpreter of the client’s behavior b. It is part of the self-system c. It helps the client develop patterns of behavior d. It helps the client reprise a situation ANS: D The nurse offers the client an interpersonal bridge between external events and internal perceptions. Incorrect answers: 1. This is a function of self-concept. 2. Self-system, self, and self-concept are terms that are used interchangeably. 3. Understanding the concepts of self helps the nurse understand the client’s behavior. DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: Text Page Reference: p. 65 TOP: Step of the Nursing Process: All phases MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity 3. A 50-year-old businessperson is admitted to the hospital for an appendectomy. He develops complications requiring specialized breathing equipment. Which of Erikson’s stages of psychosocial development is represented in this situation? a. Integrity versus Despair b. Autonomy versus Shame and Doubt This study source was downloaded by from CourseH on 12-18-2021 22:48:48 GMT -06:00 c. Intimacy versus Isolation d. Identity versus Identity Diffusion ANS: A In this stage, the focus is the meaning of life and worth. It is not always age related, and anyone facing death has the need to assess his or her life. Incorrect answers: 2. This occurs during the toddler stage of development. 3. This occurs during the young adult stage. 4. This stage occurs during adolescence. DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: Text Page Reference: p. 69 TOP: Step of the Nursing Process: All phases MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity 4. You are caring for a client who is complaining about pain in his right leg. However, this client has lost his right leg. Which of the following concepts is represented in this situation? a. Role performance b. Body image c. Self-esteem d. Personal identity ANS: B This refers to an individual’s perception of the body. Incorrect answers: 1. The situation is not about how the client performs, but about how he perceives his body. 3. Self-esteem refers to the significance placed on self-concept. 4. Personal identity concept refers to perceptual, cognitive, emotional, and spiritual elements. DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: Text Page Reference: p. 71 TOP: Step of the Nursing Process: Diagnosis MSC: Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance 5. According to Driever, the self that arises out of how the individual perceives the expectations of others is: a. The moral-ethical self b. Self-consistency c. Self-ideal/self-expectancy d. Perceptual self ANS: C This ideal self arises out of the perception of others’ expectations. Incorrect answers: 1. The moral-ethical self makes self-evaluations. 2. This self tries to maintain a consistent self-image. 4. Perception is a personal identity construct, not a self. DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: Text Page Reference: p. 74 This study source was downloaded by from CourseH on 12-18-2021 22:48:48 GMT -06:00 TOP: Step of the Nursing Process: All phases MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity 6. Which of the following statements about perception is true? a. Perception is a function of the senses b. Perception is an interpersonal process c. Positive images are retained longer than negative ones d. Perception contributes greatly to self-concept. ANS: D Perceptual processes contribute significantly to self-concept in the way individuals think about themselves and others. Incorrect answers: 1. Perception is a function of the mind, not the senses. 2. Perception is an intrapersonal process. 3. Negative images are retained longer than positive ones. DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: Text Page Reference: p. 74 TOP: Step of the Nursing Process: All phases MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity 7. Identify the type of perceptual alteration represented in the following example: Jim, a 12-year-old, states, “I am different from others in my physical education class because I am the class dunce.” a. Distorted reality b. Selective attention c. Self-fulfilling prophecy d. Cognitive distortion ANS: C Self-fulfilling prophecy occurs when a person’s perception actually predicts their behavior. Incorrect answers: 1. This refers to a sense of self not based in reality. 2. This occurs when a person hears only part of the message. 4. This refers to a distortion in thinking. DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: Text Page Reference: p. 75 TOP: Step of the Nursing Process: All phases MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity 8. Mary states, “I am an obese compulsive person.” Considering the three-step process for perceptual checks, your response to Mary would be the following: a. “Can you tell me more about this?” b. “Is it difficult for you to be this way?” c. “I wouldn’t worry about being very neat.” d. “It is o.k. to be this way; you are not hurting anyone.” This study source was downloaded by from CourseH on 12-18-2021 22:48:48 GMT -06:00 ANS: A The first step describes precisely the behavior of concern. Incorrect answers: 2. The second step involves offering two possible cause-effect explanations. 3. The nurse should be requesting feedback from the client to reduce the chance of false assumptions. 4. The nurse is not helping the client check reality using the three-step process. DIF: Cognitive Level: Analysis REF: Text Page Reference: p. 76 TOP: Step of the Nursing Process: All phases MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity 9. Six-year-old Sarah has been admitted for a tonsillectomy. Allowing her time to examine and handle equipment is an intervention used to address which element of her personal identity? a. Perception b. Cognition c. Emotion d. Spirituality ANS: B Imaging is important for children. Handling the equipment would assist in Sarah’s learning process. Incorrect answers: 1. Perception is a function of the mind that allows a person to cluster images into a meaningful whole. 3. This refers to feelings. 4. Spirituality involves beliefs, values, and culture. DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: Text Page Reference: p. 77 TOP: Step of the Nursing Process: Implementation MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity 10. When caring for a client diagnosed with paranoid schizophrenia, it is important to keep in mind that: a. Disordered behaviors lead to faulty perceptions b. Disordered behaviors lead to cognitive distortions c. Cognitive distortions lead to faulty perceptions d. Faulty perceptions lead to cognitive distortions ANS: D Cognitive distortions occur in response to faulty perceptions. Incorrect answers: 1. Thinking about faulty perceptions leads to distorted behaviors. 2. Cognitive distortions lead to distorted behaviors. 3. Faulty perceptions lead to cognitive distortions. DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: Text Page Reference: p. 78 TOP: Step of the Nursing Process: All phases MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity This study source was downloaded by from CourseH on 12-18-2021 22:48:48 GMT -06:00 11. In the middle of her class presentation on self-concept, Beverly Jones, student nurse, notices that a classmate has fallen asleep. Beverly immediately decides that her presentation must be boring and that she will fail this assignment and subsequently obtain a poor grade in the course. This is an example of: a. Selective attention b. Negative self-talk c. Self-fulfilling prophecy d. Negative feedback ANS: B Self-talk produces a thought that can lead to a value attachment characterizing a person as good or bad. Incorrect answers: 1. This occurs when a person hears only parts of a message. 3. This could become a self-fulfilling prophecy if her performance does in fact suffer. 4. Negative feedback could occur if the instructor told the student the presentation was boring. DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: Text Page Reference: p. 78 TOP: Step of the Nursing Process: All Phases of The Nursing Process MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity 12. Which of the following statements is true of self-esteem? a. It is an objective emotional process. b. Achievements lead to high self-esteem c. It is an emotional process of self-judgment d. It is a concept that becomes fixed ANS: C Self-esteem develops from a person’s perceptions of worth. Incorrect answers: 1. Selfesteem is a subjective process. 2. High achievers can have low self-esteem. 4. Selfesteem fluctuates. DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: Text Page Reference: p. 85 TOP: Step of the Nursing Process: All phases MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity 13. To become a skilled interviewer, one needs to first: a. Know something about one’s own perceptions b. Become involved with one’s client c. Learn to control one’s feelings d. Practice objectivity ANS: A This study source was downloaded by from CourseH on 12-18-2021 22:48:48 GMT -06:00 The nurse’s self-concept in the nurse-client relationship is as important as that of the client. Incorrect answers: 2. The nurse engages with the client in a goal-directed professional relationship. 3. The nurse connects emotionally with the client. 4. The nurse needs to be genuine in connecting with the client. DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: Text Page Reference: p. 88 TOP: Step of the Nursing Process: All phases MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity 14. To be a role model to a new mother, Nurse Jones recognizes that she must first: a. Learn to be considerate and sensitive b. Meet her own needs c. Meet the client’s physical needs d. Have children of her own ANS: B To be a role model for clients, nurses need first to recognize and meet their own needs. Incorrect answers: 1. To be considerate and sensitive of others, the nurse must first be gentle and understanding of her own needs. 3. The nurse can act as a role model during all aspects of care. 4. The nurse must have an understanding of similar needs, but not necessarily have the same life experiences. DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: Text Page Reference: p. 89 TOP: Step of the Nursing Process: Implementation MSC: Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance 15. Mr. Brown has just had his status changed to “care and comfort only.” The nurse caring for him assesses that he is spiritually distressed. The nurse knows that spiritual pain differs from physical pain in that: a. Spiritual pain cannot be inferred from the client’s behavior b. Spiritual pain is readily observable c. Spiritual pain cannot be verbally shared d. Spiritual pain can only be inferred from behavior and verbal disclosure ANS: D Spiritual pain can only be inferred from the client’s behavior and what the client is willing to share verbally. Incorrect answers: 1. Spiritual pain can be inferred from behavior. 2. Spiritual pain is not always readily observable. 3. Spiritual pain can be inferred if the client is willing to share verbally. DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: Text Page Reference: p. 83 TOP: Step of the Nursing Process: Assessment MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity