IFSTA 7th EDITION ALL CHAPTERS Exam Questions With complete solution

IFSTA 7th EDITION ALL CHAPTERS Exam Questions With complete solution . The formal line of authority, responsibility, and communication within an organization - chain of command (P. 14) When an employee reports directly to just one supervisor. - Unity of Command (P. 14) Span of Control - 3 to 7. Optimal 5 (P. 14) Personnel that deliver emergency services to the public. - Line Personnel (P. 16) Personnel that provide administrative and logistical support for line personnel. - Staff Personnel (P. 16) Guide to decision-making within an organization. Sets boundaries and establish standards of conduct. - Policy (P. 21) Detailed written plans that list specific steps for approaching a recurring problem/situation. - Procedure (P. 21) SOP vs SOG? - SOP - Standard Operating Procedure : Hard and Fast Rules SOG - Standard Operating Guideline : allows firefighters some leeway in particular situations (P. 21) Incident Priorities? (3) - Life safety, incident stabilization, property conservation (P. 23) How often should PPE be cleaned? (Per IFSTA) - Twice annually and after every exposure to smoke. (P. 29) FSTA 7th EDITION ALL CHAPTERS Exam Questions With complete solution Acute Illnesses VS Chronic Illnesses? - Acute Illnesses (colds/viruses) last only a few days Chronic illnesses (cancer/diabetes) are long-lasting and can even be fatal (P. 31) How should apparatus be mounted/dismounted? - - 3 points of contact - Facing Apparatus - Using handholds (P. 38) Personnel who are directly involved in disposing of the problem are allowed to enter this zone. - Hot Zone (P. 40) Personnel who are directly supporting personnel. Personnel in this zone are also in full protective clothing. - Warm Zone (P. 40-41) This zone may include incident command posts, rapid intervention crews, PIO, rehabilitation and staging (crews and equipment). - Cold Zone (P. 41) How should scene lighting be positioned on roadways? - Directed toward the scene, not into the eyes of approaching drivers. (P. 42) Electrical wires in contact with the ground, causing current to flow outward in all directions. - Ground Gradient (P. 45) (Definition: P.48) How far away should you be from a downed power line? - Approximately 2 poles away (P. 45) Central location that takes all emergency calls and routes the call to the fire, emergency medical, or law enforcement dispatcher. - Public Safety Answering Point (P. 58) Ex. : JMTC Use of plain English in radio communications transmissions. No 10-codes or agency specific codes are used. - Clear Text (P. 71) Different Types of Radio Systems? (3 Types) - Base Station Radios (telecommunications centers, training centers, admin offices) Mobile Radios (Apparatus) Portable Radios (Handheld) (P. 63-64) Communications that allow the same radio channel to be used by other groups that are located at a greater distance from the first group. - Direct Communication (P. 66) Communications used to strengthen signals between radios, increase distance of transmission, or increase the capacity on the system. - Repeated communications (P. 66) Radio Limitations? (5) - Distance Physical Barriers Dead zones Interference Ambient Noise (P. 66) Methods of overcoming physical barriers (Communications) - Turn body 90˚ Lift radio higher Raise antenna up straight (P. 67) Distance between mouth (or SCBA voice port) when making a radio transmission? - 1-2 inches (P. 70) Determination of the type of building construction? - Construction Material & Resistance to Fire Exposure (P. 77) Five Types of Building Construction? - Type I - Fire Resistive Type II - Noncombustible Type III - Ordinary construction Type IV - Heavy Timber Type V - Wood Frame Roof Types (8) - Pitched Gambrel Mansard Saw Tooth Hip Shed Lantern Butterfly (P. 90) Usually plywood or Oriented Strand Board (OSB) applied at right angles over rafters, sometimes over the entire roof? - Roof Decking or sheathing material (P. 91) Truss Types (4) - Parallel Chord Arched Chord Pitched Chord Bowstring Truss (P. 94) Door consisting of vertical and horizontal members that frame a rectangular area? - Panel Door (P. 104) Door consisting of flat face panels that are full heigh and width of the door? - Flush (P. 104) Doors that protect openings in fire-rated walls and block the spread of fire within a structure> - Fire Doors (P. 106) Windows with two sashes that can move past each other in a vertical plane? - Double-Hung (P. 109) Window with one openable sash? - Single-Hung (P. 109) Window with side hinged sash that is usually installed to swing outward? - Casement (P. 109) Window with two or more sashes of which at least one moves horizontally within the window frame? - Horizontal sliding (P. 109) Window with one or more top-hinged, outward-swinging sashes that are opened by unlatching and pushing using the mechanical window crank? - Awning (P. 109) Window that includes a large number of narrow overlapping glass sections swinging outward? - Jalousie (P. 109) Window that swings outward at the top or bottom and slides upward or downward in grooves? - Projecting (P. 110) Windows that have a sash that pivots horizontally or vertically on a central axis? - Pivoting (Vertical or Horizontal) (P. 110) Refers to a fixed or movable framed unit that may be included within a window. - Sash (P. 108) Chemical reaction involving the combination of an oxidizer? - Oxidation (Ex. oxygen and air) (P. 118) Forms of Energy? - potential energy and kinetic energy (P. 119) Measurement unit that represents energy? - Joules (J) (P. 119) Quantity of heat required to change the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1 degree Celcius? - 4.2 Joules (P. 119) Chemical reactions that emit energy? - Exothermic Reactions (fire: releases energy in the form of heat and light) (P. 120) Chemical reactions that absorb energy? - endothermic reactions (water converting to steam) (P. 120) Models to explain the elements of fire and how fires can be extinguished? - Fire Triangle (Fuel, Oxygen, and Heat) Fire Tetrahedron (Fuel(Reducing Agent), Oxidizing Agent, Heat, Chemical Chain Reaction) (P. 120-121) Chemical decomposition of a solid material by heating? - Pyrolysis (P. 179) Physical process that changes a liquid into a gaseous state? - Vaporization (P. 180) Occurs when a mixture of fuel and oxygen encounter an external heat source with sufficient heat or thermal energy to start the combustion process? - Piloted Ignition (P. 120) Occurs without any external flame or spark to ignite the fuel gases or vapors. - Autoignition (P. 120) Minimum temperature at which a fuel in the air must be heated in order to start self-sustained combustion. - Autoignition Temperature (P. 122) Combustion that occurs slowly, at a lower temperature, producing a smoldering glow in the material's surface. - Nonflaming Combustion (P. 123) Combustion that produces a visible flame above the material's surface. Commonly referred to as fire. - Flaming Combustion (P. 123) Aerosol comprised of gases, vapor, and solid particles. Product of "Incomplete Combustion" - Smoke (P. 124) Different products of combustion? (3) - Carbon Monoxide (CO) - Colorless & Odorless, Decreases bloods ability to carry oxygen Hydrogen Cyanide (HCN) - Contains nitrogen, 35 times more toxic than CO Carbon Dioxide (CO2) - Non-Toxic, still displaces existing oxygen (P. 124 - 126) Ignition without the addition of external heat? - Spontaneous Ignition (P. 129) Mechanisms of heat transfer (3). - Conduction - Direct contact with a heat source Convection - Circulation or movement of a fluid (Liquid or Gas) Radiation - Electromagnetic Waves (P. 131) Factors influencing radiant heat - Nature of the exposed surfaces Distance between heat source and exposed surfaces Temperature of heat source (P. 133) describes the density of gases in relation to air - Vapor density (Less than 1 will rise, greater than 1 will sink) (based upon assumption that the density is measure at standard temperature and pressure) (P. 138) Ratio of the mass of a given volume of liquid compared to the mass of an equal volume of water at the same temperature. - Specific Gravity (Less than 1 will float, greater than 1 will sink) (P. 138) Minimum temperature at which a liquid gives off sufficient vapors to ignite, but not sustain combustion, in the presence of a piloted ignition source. - Flash Point (P. 139) Temperature at which a piloted ignition of sufficient vapors will begin a sustained combustion reaction. - Fire Point (P. 139) Describes the extent to which a substance will mix with water. - Solubility (P. 139) Materials that will mix in any proportion. - Miscible (P. 139) Flammable liquids such as alcohols (methanol, ethanol) that will mix readily with water. - Polar Solvents (P. 139) Surface area of the fuel in proportion to its mass. - Surface-to-mass ratio (P. 140) Oxygen Deficient atmosphere? - LESS THAN 19.5% Oxygen (P. 143) Oxygen Enriched Atmosphere? - GREATER THAN 23.5% (P. 143) Minimum concentration of fuel vapor and air that supports combustion? - Lower Explosive (Flammable) Limit (P. 143) Upper limit at which a flammable gas or vapor will ignite; above this limit the gas or vapor is too rich to burn. - Upper Explosive (Flammable) Limit (P. 180) When sufficient oxygen is available for flaming combustion. - Fuel-Limited Fires (P. 145) When fires have access to all of the fuel needed to maintain combustion. - Ventilation-Limited Fires (P. 145) 4 Stages of Fire Development - Incipient, Growth, Fully Developed, Decay (P. 146) Hot gasses in the plume rise until they encounter the ceiling and then spread horizontally. - Ceiling Jet (P. 146)