NBDHE Pharmacology exam questions and answers

potency is related to dose. Potency is greater when a dose is smaller efficacy is the maximum response of a drug regardless of dose What is first past effect? When orally administered drugs pass through the hepatic portal which reduces the amount effective drug. this requires large doses of a drug What drug administration route is used to deliver protein products? Subcutaneous The TB skin test is an example of what route of drug administration? Intradermal The study of how we drug enters the body, circulates in the body and leaves the body pharmacokinetics What organ is involved in absorption of oral drugs? small intestine What is the most important site for metabolism of drugs? the liver What is the most important organ that is involved in excretion? kidneys What terminates drug effects? elimination What steps do intra-vascular drugs bypass? absorption and first pass What drugs are known to move across biological membranes by diffusion? Lipid soluble drugs Metabolism is also known as Bio transformation Side effects are Dose related reaction that is not part of the desired therapeutic action True or false: an allergic reaction is related to dose false An abnormal drug response that is usually genetically determined Idiosyncrasy What are the two branches of the autonomic nervous system? Sympathetic and parasympathetic What are some effects of the sympathetic nervous system? Fight or flight Increase blood pressure through vasoconstriction Dilate pupils and bronchioles Reduce salivary flow The preganglionic neurotransmitter for the sympathetic nervous system is Acetylcholine The Post ganglionic neurotransmitter for the sympathetic nervous system is Norepinephrine What drugs mimic the sympathetic nervous system? Adrenergic drugs What diseases should avoid adrenergic drugs? angina, uncontrolled hypertension and uncontrolled hyperthyroidism What is dopamine used to treat? And what class of drugs is it? Shock, Low blood pressure, parkinson's. adrenergic Andrenergic blocking drugs are used to treat High blood pressure, angina, glaucoma and myocardial infarction Propanolol is also known as: And it is a Inderal Nonselective beta blocker to treat hypertension Atenolol is also known as: And it is a Tenormin Selective beta blocker to treat hypertension Lopressor is also known as And it is a Metoprolol selective beta blocker to treat hypertension pilocarpine is an example of a: what two diseases can it treat? cholinergic drug. It increases saliva flow in patients with sjogrens can also tx glaucoma what type of drugs are used to treat hypertension and angina? adrenergic blocking what drugs are contraindicated for angina, uncontrolled hypertension and hyperthyroidism? adrenergic drugs ___________________increases saliva and moisture flow, ____________decreases saliva flow pilocarpine, atropine mechanism of action for aspirin inhibits prostaglandin synthesis the A's of Aspirin Analgesic antipyretic Anti inflammatory anti platelet what is synergism when the combo of two antibiotics produces a greater effect than if just one were used contraindications for aspirin asthma, coumadin, stomach ulcers and children (especially with the flu and chicken pox) What Gi side effect is related to aspirin? ulcers what % of patients have an allergy to aspirin? what patients are more at risk? 15%, asthma patients what dangerous syndrome is found in children with the flu or chic pox who take aspirin? Reyes syndrome what may happen at high doses of aspirin? tinnitus Brand name acetaminophen Tylenol Effects of acetaminophen Analgesic Antipyretic What does Tylenol not do? It is not anti-inflammatory Adverse effects of Tylenol Hepatoxicity Analgesic drug of choice for children Tylenol Analgesic drug for patients on anticoagulants Tylenol