Topperworld.in
PPS
B.Tech (1ST YEAR)
Notes
Prepared By:
, Topperworld.in
Unit-1
Overview of Computers
What is computer ?
A computer is an electronic data processing device, which accepts and stores data input,
processes the data input, and generates the output in a required format.
The purpose of this tutorial is to introduce you to Computers and its fundamentals.
Functionalities of a Computer
If we look at it in a very broad sense, any digital computer carries out the following five
functions −
Step 1 − Takes data as input.
Step 2 − Stores the data/instructions in its memory and uses them as required.
Step 3 − Processes the data and converts it into useful information.
Step 4 − Generates the output.
Step 5 − Controls all the above four steps.
Basic components of computer system
By definition, components of a computer system are the primary elements
which make the functioning of an electronic device smooth and faster.
There are five basic components which include:
• Input Unit
• Output Unit
• Memory Unit
• Control Unit
• Arithmetical and Logical Unit
• Input Unit
A computer will only respond when a command is given to the device.
These commands can be given using the input unit or the input devices.
, Topperworld.in
For example: Using a keyboard we can type things on a Notepad and the
computer processes the entered data and then displays the output of the
same of the screen.
The data entered can be in the form of numbers, alphabet, images, etc. We
enter the information using an input device, the processing units convert it
into computer understandable languages and then the final output is
received by a human-understandable language.
• Output Unit
When we command a computer to perform a task, it reverts for the action
performed and gives us a result. This result is called output. There are
various output devices connected to the computer. The most basic of which
is a monitor. Whatever we write using a keyboard or click using a mouse, is
all displayed on the monitor.
Thus, the output unit gives us the final result once the entire processing is
done within the mechanism of a device.
For example: when we visit an ATM, we enter our details like language,
pin, amount to be withdrawn, etc. and then the final money which the cash
dispenser releases is our outcome. In this case, the cash dispenser acts as
an output unit.
To get a list of computer input and output device and the function of the
various I/O devices, visit the linked article.
For better understanding and more interactive analysis of the components
of the computer, candidates can check the video given below and get
detailed information reading the five major components responsible for the
functioning of a computer device.
• Memory Unit
When we enter the data into the computer using an input device, the
entered information immediately gets saved in the memory unit of the
Central Processing Unit (CPU). Because of the presence of some existing
programming, the Memory Unit transmits the data further to the other parts
of the CPU.
Similarly, when the output of our command is processed by the computer, it
is saved in the memory unit before giving the output to the user.
, Topperworld.in
• Control Unit
This is the core unit which manages the entire functioning of the computer
device. It is one of the most essential components of the computer system.
The Control Unit collects the data entered using the input unit, leads it on
for processing and once that is done, receives the output and presents it to
the user. It can be said to the centre of all processing actions taking place
inside a computer device.
Basically, the instructions taken, interpretation of entered data, issuing
signals to execute the data and then finally retrieving the data is all done in
the Control Unit.
• Arithmetic & Logical Unit
As the name suggests, all the mathematical calculations or arithmetic
operations are performed in the Arithmetic and Logical Unit of the CPU.
It can also perform actions like a comparison of data and decision-making
actions. The ALU comprises circuits using which addition, subtraction,
multiplication, division and other numerical based calculations can be
performed.
Block diagram of computer system
PPS
B.Tech (1ST YEAR)
Notes
Prepared By:
, Topperworld.in
Unit-1
Overview of Computers
What is computer ?
A computer is an electronic data processing device, which accepts and stores data input,
processes the data input, and generates the output in a required format.
The purpose of this tutorial is to introduce you to Computers and its fundamentals.
Functionalities of a Computer
If we look at it in a very broad sense, any digital computer carries out the following five
functions −
Step 1 − Takes data as input.
Step 2 − Stores the data/instructions in its memory and uses them as required.
Step 3 − Processes the data and converts it into useful information.
Step 4 − Generates the output.
Step 5 − Controls all the above four steps.
Basic components of computer system
By definition, components of a computer system are the primary elements
which make the functioning of an electronic device smooth and faster.
There are five basic components which include:
• Input Unit
• Output Unit
• Memory Unit
• Control Unit
• Arithmetical and Logical Unit
• Input Unit
A computer will only respond when a command is given to the device.
These commands can be given using the input unit or the input devices.
, Topperworld.in
For example: Using a keyboard we can type things on a Notepad and the
computer processes the entered data and then displays the output of the
same of the screen.
The data entered can be in the form of numbers, alphabet, images, etc. We
enter the information using an input device, the processing units convert it
into computer understandable languages and then the final output is
received by a human-understandable language.
• Output Unit
When we command a computer to perform a task, it reverts for the action
performed and gives us a result. This result is called output. There are
various output devices connected to the computer. The most basic of which
is a monitor. Whatever we write using a keyboard or click using a mouse, is
all displayed on the monitor.
Thus, the output unit gives us the final result once the entire processing is
done within the mechanism of a device.
For example: when we visit an ATM, we enter our details like language,
pin, amount to be withdrawn, etc. and then the final money which the cash
dispenser releases is our outcome. In this case, the cash dispenser acts as
an output unit.
To get a list of computer input and output device and the function of the
various I/O devices, visit the linked article.
For better understanding and more interactive analysis of the components
of the computer, candidates can check the video given below and get
detailed information reading the five major components responsible for the
functioning of a computer device.
• Memory Unit
When we enter the data into the computer using an input device, the
entered information immediately gets saved in the memory unit of the
Central Processing Unit (CPU). Because of the presence of some existing
programming, the Memory Unit transmits the data further to the other parts
of the CPU.
Similarly, when the output of our command is processed by the computer, it
is saved in the memory unit before giving the output to the user.
, Topperworld.in
• Control Unit
This is the core unit which manages the entire functioning of the computer
device. It is one of the most essential components of the computer system.
The Control Unit collects the data entered using the input unit, leads it on
for processing and once that is done, receives the output and presents it to
the user. It can be said to the centre of all processing actions taking place
inside a computer device.
Basically, the instructions taken, interpretation of entered data, issuing
signals to execute the data and then finally retrieving the data is all done in
the Control Unit.
• Arithmetic & Logical Unit
As the name suggests, all the mathematical calculations or arithmetic
operations are performed in the Arithmetic and Logical Unit of the CPU.
It can also perform actions like a comparison of data and decision-making
actions. The ALU comprises circuits using which addition, subtraction,
multiplication, division and other numerical based calculations can be
performed.
Block diagram of computer system
