Final Version of Davita test questions with verified answers

what treatment factors decrease K in the Kt/v to decrease? not waiting 3-5 minutes after heparin, decreasing BFR, DFR, and BVP what factors influence "V" in Kt/v accurate data entry by nurses in snappy, sex age, weight, and amputation what are the needle gauges and prescribed blood flow rates? they are inversely related 17g 200-250 15g 250-350 15g 350-400 14 g 400 - 450 what is the procedure for post BUN lab draw? if pt wants off early, still draw the labs and educate patient about the risks. Redraw next time a pt runs full tx to show pt difference what lab draw mistakes would falsely increase Kt/V not waiting the full 15 seconds What is important when monitoring weight and BP in AKI patients? keep patients wet (hydrated) and avoid hypotensive episodes = cause renal ischemia What do you need to consider in regards to CVCs? follow P&P b/c the risk of infection is so high Why is it important to know what caused a patients chronic renal failure? we need to know about possible problems during data collection and assessment What is the role of the PCT prior to tx initiation? assessment of pt if any abnormal findings or if the pt is in an acute condition what happens in the BP cuff is the wrong size loose BP--> high reading tight BP --> low reading why is it so bad to squeeze the BP cuff if its connected to the machine? it can damage the internal BP mechanism Why is it so important that we document in the medical record? it provides data for continuity and planning of care when do pre-treatment data collection and assessment take place? collection: before tx assessment: w/in 1 hr if pt is stable when is post-treatment data collection and assessment performed? post treatment-- not before treatment or when they are disconnected what are the consequences of poor or incomplete documentation can open attack on your care What are the six items needed in charting meds? 1. med/dosage 2. date/time 3. route 4. reason (remember this!) 5. pt response 6. signature What are the 5 Ws to be used when completing an AOR? who what when where why how What are the 4 consequences of sodium loading during dialysis? 1. increased thirst 2. increased fluid intake 3. increased intradialytic weight gain = htn 4. increased UFR what is the purpose of UF profiling? change the way fluid is remodeled during the tx and allows for vascular refilling what are the consequences of hypovolemia during tx? attempting to remove a lot of fluid --> hypovolemia during tx --> loss of renal function, ischemia, and increased mortality rate what must the machine's conductivity and pH reading supposed to be? machine and manual conductivity: w/in +/-0.4 pH range: 6.9 - 7.6, measured to verify acid/base balance is in acceptable range at what temperature does hemolysis occur? 42 degrees C What do we do in a power outage? remove venous line from air detector, clamp, before starting hand crank and be diligent in watching for air in blood lines what causes a high venous pressure alarm? kink in tubing, clotting in venous drip chamber, infiltration, venous stenosis what are the risks of doing things "your way" and not the P&P way? it can lead to civil liabiliy what makes dialysis pts more susceptible to healthcare acquired infections? prolonged access to pts blood, and immunocompramised why are dialysis pts at an increased risk for acquiring HAIs at the facility? contact transmission what is the most common transmission route for HAIs contact transmission--> hands what is the most important invention you can do to prevent HAIs? handwashing what is the most common infectious complication in hemodialyisis pts? per the CDC, the most common factor contributing to bacteremia is use of CVCs What germ causes the most common infections in hemodialysis pts? MRSA which can remain on surfaces for days w/ plastic vinyl being most favorable to their survival why is wearing gloves so important? decrease risk of hand contamination and prevent transfer of organisms already on hands what is the correct procedure in regards to your hands when you have causal contact w/ a pt no gloves but must perform hand hygiene before care on pts Successful lab draw must knows follow order the lab draws to prevent specimen from being contaminated w/ other tube additives, double labeling tubes prohibits processing rules for spinning samples only spin tube of some kind of size and fill level and should be placed opposite of each other What are the symptoms of hyperkalemia? extreme muscle weakness abnormal HR, cardiac arrest what are the symptoms of hypokalemia? fatigue, muscle weakness, respiratory failure what is the primary cause of erythropoietin? primary cause how can you prevent contributing to blood loss? --adequate heperanization --ensure epo given -- completely rinse back blood --avoid repeat lab draws what is pericarditis? what is included in its treatment? w/ dialysis hold or decrease heparin systemic effects of CRF what should you do for a pt that complains of dry, itchy skin use hyperfatted soaps and lotions