Practice Test 1 CCRN (Pass CCRN)

What is vasogenic cerebral edema? What ventilator parameter indicates fluid volume excess? What does autonomy refer to? What does beneficence mean? What does nonmaleficence mean? What does fidelity mean? What does veracity mean? What are Diagnosis-Related groups? BNP is secreted in response to? Vasogenic cerebral edema is an in- crease in extracellular fluid caused by a breakdown of the blood-brain barrier with the resultant increase in vascular permeability.This cerebral edema begins locally and becomes more generalized. Common causes are trauma (including surgical trauma), tumors, hemorrhage, and abscesses An A:a gradient greater than 10 mm Hg is a reflection of a diffusion defect. Note that the process of diffusion is between A (alveolus) and (a) arterial blood. An increase in intraalveolar fluid dilutes and inactivates surfactant, causing alveolar collapse (decreasing vital capacity) and decreases lung compliance. Peak inspi￾ratory pressure increases reflect a de- crease in lung compliance The patient's right to make decisions for themselves Obligation to do good Obligation to do no harm the obligation to abide by agreements and responsibilities The obligation to tell the truth DRGs constitute a prospective payment program for Medicare patients. Payment is based on primary and secondary di- agnosis, primary and secondary proce- dures, age, and length of hospitalization Ventricular wall stretch A normalization or increase in the PaCO2. This patient is still tachypne￾ic, and if ventilation is normal, PaCO2 Practice Test 1 CCRN (Pass CCRN) 2 / 19 What are omnious signs in a patient with status asthmaticus? What problems arise from losses from the GI tract? Actual problems are worse than potential problems!! How can you differentiate the cause of jaundice? What antihypertensive meds work best in African american patients? What lab values define acute respiratory failure? Hyperkalemia can cause what? should be decreased.The other ominous sign in this patient would be absence of wheezing or rhonchi, because they would indicate that ventilation is insuffi- cient to cause these noises. Any loss results in hypokalemia.Vomiting results in loss of acidic contents, where- as losses below the pylorus result is alkalitic losses leading to metabolic acidosis. Fluid is sequestered in the intestine leading to hypovolemia, which could cause hypovolemic shock. An increase in direct bilirubin is associat- ed with biliary obstruction because direct bilirubin is conjugated. An increase in in- direct bilirubin is associated with hepatic disease or excessive hemolysis because indirect bilirubin is unconjugated African-Americans do not respond well to angiotensin-converting enzyme in- hibitors (e.g., captopril [Capoten]), but they do respond well to an angiotensin II blocker (valsartan [Diovan]). Of the beta-blockers, labetalol works best. Of the calcium channel blockers, diltiazem works best 50-50! PaO2<50 and/or PaCO2>50 Diarrhea-increases gastric motility Flaccid paralysis- partially depolarizes muscle cells, prevents further depolarization 500-1000mL