ST107 Notes
,Contents
DATA AND STATISTICS............................................................................................................................. 3
PROBABILITY................................................................................................................................................ 5
DISCRETE DISTRIBUTIONS..................................................................................................................... 7
CONTINOUS DISTRIBUTIONS.............................................................................................................. 10
SAMPLING DISTRIBUTIONS................................................................................................................. 13
POINT ESTIMATION................................................................................................................................ 15
INTERVAL ESTIMATION........................................................................................................................ 16
MEASURABLE HYPOTHESIS TESTING............................................................................................. 19
CATEGORICAL HYPOTHESIS TESTING............................................................................................ 22
Correlation and Regression.................................................................................................................. 24
, -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
DATA AND STATISTICS
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Discrete Data: data that is countable.
Continuous Data: data that is measurable.
Measurable Variables: values with generally-recognised methods of measurement.
Ordinal Categorical Variables: non-measurable variables that can be put in some
sensible order.
Nominal Categorical Variables: non-measurable variables that can be put in some
sensible order.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Histogram
Histograms: diagrams that depict a frequency distribution of variables, that includes
the following aspects:
- an informative title (including the word “Histogram” with the variables)
- frequency density label
- x-axis label (variable) and y-axis label (frequency density)
- sensible number of classes
- plotting of frequency densities
- accuracy
Class Intervals: subdivisions of the total range of variables.
Frequency: number of observations of the variable to each corresponding interval.
Areaof ¯
¿ Frequency=Interval Width × Frequency Density
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Stem-And-Leaf Diagrams
Stem-and-Leaf Diagrams: diagrams that depict raw data with the following aspects:
- an informative title
- stem/leaf labels, including units (if provided)
- sensible stems
- vertical alignment
- ordered leaves
- accuracy
Stem: the major component of a typical data item.
Leaf: the remainder of the data value, apart from the stem.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
,Contents
DATA AND STATISTICS............................................................................................................................. 3
PROBABILITY................................................................................................................................................ 5
DISCRETE DISTRIBUTIONS..................................................................................................................... 7
CONTINOUS DISTRIBUTIONS.............................................................................................................. 10
SAMPLING DISTRIBUTIONS................................................................................................................. 13
POINT ESTIMATION................................................................................................................................ 15
INTERVAL ESTIMATION........................................................................................................................ 16
MEASURABLE HYPOTHESIS TESTING............................................................................................. 19
CATEGORICAL HYPOTHESIS TESTING............................................................................................ 22
Correlation and Regression.................................................................................................................. 24
, -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
DATA AND STATISTICS
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Discrete Data: data that is countable.
Continuous Data: data that is measurable.
Measurable Variables: values with generally-recognised methods of measurement.
Ordinal Categorical Variables: non-measurable variables that can be put in some
sensible order.
Nominal Categorical Variables: non-measurable variables that can be put in some
sensible order.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Histogram
Histograms: diagrams that depict a frequency distribution of variables, that includes
the following aspects:
- an informative title (including the word “Histogram” with the variables)
- frequency density label
- x-axis label (variable) and y-axis label (frequency density)
- sensible number of classes
- plotting of frequency densities
- accuracy
Class Intervals: subdivisions of the total range of variables.
Frequency: number of observations of the variable to each corresponding interval.
Areaof ¯
¿ Frequency=Interval Width × Frequency Density
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Stem-And-Leaf Diagrams
Stem-and-Leaf Diagrams: diagrams that depict raw data with the following aspects:
- an informative title
- stem/leaf labels, including units (if provided)
- sensible stems
- vertical alignment
- ordered leaves
- accuracy
Stem: the major component of a typical data item.
Leaf: the remainder of the data value, apart from the stem.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
