Stress and its
Effects (Unit No
08)
, What is stress?
STRESS
“ It is a condition in which the human system
responds to changing in its normal balanced
state .stress result from a change in the
environment ,that is presided as a challenge a
threat or a danger and can have both negative
and positive effects.”
- Pender and Parsons (2006)
, Principal Categories of Stress
1) Physical stressors and
2) Psychological stressors:
, Principal Categories of Stress
1) Physical stressors: Those stressors that impinge upon
the five senses and pertain to the domain of the tangible
and concrete. These are stress triggers that we can see,
hear, touch, smell or taste. For Example:
A car coming straight at us on the sidewalk is a real,
tangible and imminent physical threat, which must and
does trigger an immediate stress reaction. We respond to
this physical threat by stepping out of the way, instinctively
and without giving it much thought.
Included in the physical stressors is pain, which is the
body’s reaction to a noxious agent that attacks its structure.
, Principal Categories of Stress
2) Psychological stressors: To understand psychological stressors it
is important to remember that they can fall into two distinct
categories:
1) Real Psychological Stressors
2) Perceived psychological Stressors
Real psychological stressors are produced by the perception of an
emotional danger or threat, in other words by a concern over
something that is based on reality and does or may objectively occur.
An example of this may be an impending relationship breakup.
Perceived psychological stressors are produced by the same
mechanism, and are a concern over events or situations that are
often based on reality but may be exaggerated or may in fact never
occur. An example of the latter may be a worry or concern over an
unnamed threat that may keep us from being able to take an
elevator, or ride in an aircraft.
,
,MAJOR SOURCES OF
STRESS
, Major Sources of Stress
Major sources includes:
1) Environmental
2) Social
3) Physiological
4) Cognitive- Emotional
,1) Environmental:
– Includes physical stressors that impinge upon the
five senses, such as weather, traffic, noise, pollution,
and disturbing images.
2) Social
– Includes psychological stressors triggered when
demands are made on our time, attention and skills,
such as in job interviews, public speaking, work
presentations, interpersonal conflict, competing
priorities, financial problems, and loss of
relationships and loved ones.
, 3) Physiological
– Includes physical stressors that are produced at various stages in
our life, such as during growth spurts in adolescence, menopause,
lack of exercise, poor nutrition insufficient sleep, illness, injuries,
and aging.
4) Cognitive-emotional
– The principal source of this type of stress is our own thoughts. Our
brain interprets changes in our environment and body and
conducts an automatic “threat assessment” to decide whether a
danger is present and thus mobilize the body’s defenses.
– The good functioning, or poor functioning of our threat assessment
mechanism determines whether we become alarmed appropriately
or inappropriately, and whether to remain stressed or relax.
Effects (Unit No
08)
, What is stress?
STRESS
“ It is a condition in which the human system
responds to changing in its normal balanced
state .stress result from a change in the
environment ,that is presided as a challenge a
threat or a danger and can have both negative
and positive effects.”
- Pender and Parsons (2006)
, Principal Categories of Stress
1) Physical stressors and
2) Psychological stressors:
, Principal Categories of Stress
1) Physical stressors: Those stressors that impinge upon
the five senses and pertain to the domain of the tangible
and concrete. These are stress triggers that we can see,
hear, touch, smell or taste. For Example:
A car coming straight at us on the sidewalk is a real,
tangible and imminent physical threat, which must and
does trigger an immediate stress reaction. We respond to
this physical threat by stepping out of the way, instinctively
and without giving it much thought.
Included in the physical stressors is pain, which is the
body’s reaction to a noxious agent that attacks its structure.
, Principal Categories of Stress
2) Psychological stressors: To understand psychological stressors it
is important to remember that they can fall into two distinct
categories:
1) Real Psychological Stressors
2) Perceived psychological Stressors
Real psychological stressors are produced by the perception of an
emotional danger or threat, in other words by a concern over
something that is based on reality and does or may objectively occur.
An example of this may be an impending relationship breakup.
Perceived psychological stressors are produced by the same
mechanism, and are a concern over events or situations that are
often based on reality but may be exaggerated or may in fact never
occur. An example of the latter may be a worry or concern over an
unnamed threat that may keep us from being able to take an
elevator, or ride in an aircraft.
,
,MAJOR SOURCES OF
STRESS
, Major Sources of Stress
Major sources includes:
1) Environmental
2) Social
3) Physiological
4) Cognitive- Emotional
,1) Environmental:
– Includes physical stressors that impinge upon the
five senses, such as weather, traffic, noise, pollution,
and disturbing images.
2) Social
– Includes psychological stressors triggered when
demands are made on our time, attention and skills,
such as in job interviews, public speaking, work
presentations, interpersonal conflict, competing
priorities, financial problems, and loss of
relationships and loved ones.
, 3) Physiological
– Includes physical stressors that are produced at various stages in
our life, such as during growth spurts in adolescence, menopause,
lack of exercise, poor nutrition insufficient sleep, illness, injuries,
and aging.
4) Cognitive-emotional
– The principal source of this type of stress is our own thoughts. Our
brain interprets changes in our environment and body and
conducts an automatic “threat assessment” to decide whether a
danger is present and thus mobilize the body’s defenses.
– The good functioning, or poor functioning of our threat assessment
mechanism determines whether we become alarmed appropriately
or inappropriately, and whether to remain stressed or relax.
