Grade 9 GCSE Medicine History Notes
, Individuals
Medieval Period
Hippocrates (460BC-370BC) – father of medicine, natural physician
(clinical observation), Hippocratic Oath, Theory of Four Humours, books
spread ideas
Galen (130AD-210AD) - ideas continue ~1500 years, natural physician,
Theory of Opposites, dissections of animals (mistakes), Medieval church
approved ideas, fitted Christian teachings, church controlled
education/training, ideas preserved not challenged despite being wrong
John Bradmore removed the arrowhead from the from the cheek of
Prince Henry and that was in the early 15th century here's a really good
example – surgery medival
Al-Razi (Rhazes) – noted difference between measles/smallpox, helped
plan first general hospital in the world (Bagdad) experiment to show
healthiest part of city (rotting meat)
Ibn Sina (Avicenna) – ‘The Cannon od Medicine’ (1025) listed all medical
knowledge at time, 760 drug properties, lasted over 600 years, kept
Hippocrates/Galen ideas alive after Roman Empire collapse
Renaissance
Ambroise Pare (1510-90) – father of surgery, military surgeon, new way
treating gunshot wounds (previously cauterising oil), chance used eggs,
rose oil, turpentine, ligatures to tie off blood vessels after amputation,
designed prosthetic limbs, work: ‘Treatise on Surgery’ (1564) HOWEVER
opposition: wrote French not Latin which was language of the educated
people
Andreas Vesalius (1514-1564) – ‘The Fabric of the Human Body’ 1543 –
dissections, detailed annotated illustrations, textbook to other medical
practitioners, encouraged students to do their own dissections (little
dissection Christian Church), challenged ideas of Galen opening way for
improvements and future advancements in medicine
William Harvey (1578-1657) – heart act as a pump, blood circulates
around body, proved Galen wrong though experiments (Galen constantly
using up blood made in liver), dissections/diagrams (discovered valves),
groundwork for blood transfusions
, Individuals
Medieval Period
Hippocrates (460BC-370BC) – father of medicine, natural physician
(clinical observation), Hippocratic Oath, Theory of Four Humours, books
spread ideas
Galen (130AD-210AD) - ideas continue ~1500 years, natural physician,
Theory of Opposites, dissections of animals (mistakes), Medieval church
approved ideas, fitted Christian teachings, church controlled
education/training, ideas preserved not challenged despite being wrong
John Bradmore removed the arrowhead from the from the cheek of
Prince Henry and that was in the early 15th century here's a really good
example – surgery medival
Al-Razi (Rhazes) – noted difference between measles/smallpox, helped
plan first general hospital in the world (Bagdad) experiment to show
healthiest part of city (rotting meat)
Ibn Sina (Avicenna) – ‘The Cannon od Medicine’ (1025) listed all medical
knowledge at time, 760 drug properties, lasted over 600 years, kept
Hippocrates/Galen ideas alive after Roman Empire collapse
Renaissance
Ambroise Pare (1510-90) – father of surgery, military surgeon, new way
treating gunshot wounds (previously cauterising oil), chance used eggs,
rose oil, turpentine, ligatures to tie off blood vessels after amputation,
designed prosthetic limbs, work: ‘Treatise on Surgery’ (1564) HOWEVER
opposition: wrote French not Latin which was language of the educated
people
Andreas Vesalius (1514-1564) – ‘The Fabric of the Human Body’ 1543 –
dissections, detailed annotated illustrations, textbook to other medical
practitioners, encouraged students to do their own dissections (little
dissection Christian Church), challenged ideas of Galen opening way for
improvements and future advancements in medicine
William Harvey (1578-1657) – heart act as a pump, blood circulates
around body, proved Galen wrong though experiments (Galen constantly
using up blood made in liver), dissections/diagrams (discovered valves),
groundwork for blood transfusions
