Project Management A Strategic Managerial Approach 10th Edition by Jack R. Meredith - Test Bnk

Chapter 3 Multiple Choice 1. Identify the attribute that is not normally associated with the job of functional manager. a) The functional manager is usually a generalist in the area being managed. b) The functional manager is responsible for deciding what resources will be devoted to accomplishing the task. c) The functional manager is administratively responsible for deciding how something will be done. d) The functional manager is responsible for deciding who will do the work. Ans: a Section Reference: 3.1 Project Management and the Project Manager Level: Easy Bloom’s: Comprehension AACSB: Analysis Page: 79-80 2. According to the authors, the analytic method, when applied to systems, focuses on __________. a) assembling the components of a system into an integrated package b) building an array of individually designed and manufactured components c) calculating the cost and schedule requirements d) dividing the components of a system into smaller and smaller elements Ans: d Section Reference: 3.1 Project Management and the Project Manager Level: Intermediate Bloom’s: Comprehension AACSB: Analysis Page: 80 3. The ideal project manager should be __________. a) a direct, technical supervisor knowledgeable in the technology of the process being used b) both generalist/facilitator and have a high level of technical competence in the science of the project c) a facilitator and specialist with technical credibility d) a technical specialist competent in principles of robust design Ans: b Section Reference: 3.1 Project Management and the Project Manager Level: Easy Bloom’s: Comprehension AACSB: Communication Page: 80 4. According to the authors, three major questions face the project manager with respect to synthesizing the requirements of a project. Identify the item that is not listed as one of the three major questions. a) What needs to be done? b) Who will actually do the work of the project? c) When must it be done? d) How will the required resources be obtained? Ans: b Section Reference: 3.1 Project Management and the Project Manager Level: Intermediate Bloom’s: Comprehension AACSB: Communication Page: 80 5. According to the authors the project manager should be more skilled at __________. a) general management b) technology c) synthesis d) analysis Ans: c Section Reference: 3.1 Project Management and the Project Manager Level: Easy Bloom’s: Comprehension AACSB: Analysis Page 80 6. The functional manager uses the __________ approach and the PM uses the __________ approach. a) systems; analytic b) numerical; nonnumeric c) analytic; systems d) nonnumeric; numerical Ans: c Section Reference: 3.1 Project Management and the Project Manager Level: Intermediate Bloom’s: Comprehension AACSB: Analysis Page: 80 7. The __________ states that to understand the system, we must understand the environment (or larger system) of which it is a part. a) systems approach b) cultural awareness c) systemic congruence d) project management Ans: a Section Reference: 3.1 Project Management and the Project Manager Level: Intermediate Bloom’s: Knowledge AACSB: Analysis Page: 80 8. The project manager should be more skilled at __________, whereas the functional manager should be more skilled at __________. a) synthesis; analysis b) analysis; synthesis c) communication; managing d) managing, analysis Ans: a Section Reference: 3.1 Project Management and the Project Manager Level: Easy Bloom’s: Comprehension AACSB: Analysis Page: 80 9. ___________ is when someone takes over the project manager’s job by exercising extremely close supervision over every action the project manager takes, or will actually tell the project manager precisely what to do. a) Micromanagement b) Over-management c) Turnover d) Supermanagement Ans: a Section Reference: 3.1 Project Management and the Project Level: Easy Bloom’s: Knowledge AACSB: Analysis Page: 81 10. When managing a project, the project manager is responsible for __________. a) auditing the project b) executing the project c) budgeting the project d) designing the project Ans: c Section Reference: 3.1 Project Management and the Project Manager Level: Intermediate Bloom’s: Comprehension AACSB: Analysis Page: 81 11. The project manager's responsibilities are broad and fall primarily into three separate areas. Responsibilities to _____________ is not one of these. a) the parent organization b) the project and the client c) the members of the project team d) special-interest groups Ans: d Section Reference: 3.1 Project Management and the Project Manager Level: Easy Bloom’s: Comprehension AACSB: Communication Page: 81 12. The project manager's responsibility to the project and to the client is met by ensuring that the __________ of the project is preserved in spite of conflicting demands made by stakeholders. a) management b) integrity c) analysis d) synthesis Ans: b Section Reference: 3.1 Project Management and the Project Manager Level: Intermediate Bloom’s: Knowledge AACSB: Ethics Page: 82 13. The Project Management Institute (PMI) offers a certification for project managers. PMI offers examination for certification as __________. a) Project Management Professionals b) Project Management Experts c) Project Management Associates d) Project Management Engineers Ans: a Section Reference: 3.1 Project Management and the Project Manager Level: Intermediate Bloom’s: Knowledge AACSB: Communication Page: 83 14. Resources initially budgeted for a project are frequently __________ for the task, partly because of natural optimism by the proposer about how many resources are needed. a) sufficient b) delayed c) insufficient d) hindrances Ans: c Section Reference: 3.2 Special Demands on the Project Manager Level: Easy Bloom’s: Comprehension AACSB: Analysis Page: 85 15. How are most of the workers on a project acquired? a) Temporary agencies b) Borrowed from functional departments c) Transferred from functional departments d) Subcontractors Ans: b Section Reference: 3.2 Special Demands on the Project Manager Level: Easy Bloom’s: Knowledge AACSB: Communication Page: 86 16. Which of the following is not typically recommended to be considered when hiring new team members? a) high-quality technical skills b) political, and general, sensitivity c) strong goal orientation d) low self-esteem Ans: d Section Reference: 3.2 Special Demands on the Project Manager Level: Intermediate Bloom’s: Comprehension AACSB: Communication Page: 87 17. Research has shown that the chances for successful completion of a multidisciplinary project are greatly increased if project team members are _____ rather than _______, a) problem-oriented; discipline-oriented b) discipline-oriented; problem-oriented c) problem-oriented; management-oriented d) management-oriented; problem-oriented Ans: a Section Reference: 3.2 Special Demands on the Project Manager Level: Easy Bloom’s: Comprehension AACSB: Communication Page: 87 18. Which of the following is not an important characteristic for effective team members? a) High-quality technical skills b) Political, and general, sensitivity c) High self-esteem d) Strong sense of self Ans: d Section Reference: 3.2 Special Demands on the Project Manager Level: Easy Bloom’s: Knowledge Page: 87 19. What is scope creep? a) A change in the budget for the project b) A reduction in what is required for the project in order to reduce the budget c) A change in what is required for the project d) A change in the budget for the project Ans: c Ans: d Section Reference: 3.2 Special Demands on the Project Manager Level: Easy Bloom’s: Knowledge AACSB: Analysis Page: 87 20. Which of the following is one of the most serious crises for the project manager? a) Change in the budget for a project b) A key worker leaving the project c) A technical issue d) Change in required project scope Ans: d Section Reference: 3.2 Special Demands on the Project Manager Level: Easy Bloom’s: Knowledge AACSB: Analysis Page: 87 21. Which of the following is not a phase in the Tuckman ladder? a) forming b) defining c) norming d) mourning Ans: d Section Reference: 3.2 Special Demands on the Project Manager Level: Easy Bloom’s: Comprehension AACSB: Communication Page: 88 22. Three approaches are paramount for handling complex projects. Which of the following is not one of those approaches? a) Communicating effectively with all stakeholder groups b) Skill with Microsoft Project or other similar software c) Learn as much about the client as possible d) Leadership Ans: b Section Reference: 3.2 Special Demands on the Project Manager Level: Easy Bloom’s: Comprehension AACSB: Analysis Page: 89 23. According to the authors, the key to coping with uncertainty at the end of a project (a common obstacle for project managers) is __________. a) discipline b) communication c) planning d) supervision Ans: b Section Reference: 3.2 Special Demands on the Project Manager Level: Intermediate Bloom’s: Knowledge AACSB: Communication Page: 89-90 24. The project manager must make trade-offs between project progress and process. Conceptually, this involves trade-offs between the __________ functions. a) technical and managerial b) schedule and cost c) performance and schedule d) cost and performance Ans: a Section Reference: 3.2 Special Demands on the Project Manager Level: Intermediate Bloom’s: Comprehension AACSB: Analysis Page: 90 25. During the __________ stage of the project lifecycle, there is no significant difference in the importance that project managers place on the three goals of cost, time, and scope. a) main b) formation c) buildup d) phaseout Ans: b Section Reference: 3.2 Special Demands on the Project Manager Level: Easy Bloom’s: Application AACSB: Analysis Page: 90 26. During the buildup phase, the project goals, in order of importance, are __________. a) schedule, scope, cost b) cost, schedule, scope c) schedule, cost, scope d) cost, scope, schedule Ans: a Section Reference: 3.2 Special Demands on the Project Manager Level: Intermediate Bloom’s: Comprehension AACSB: Analysis Page: 90 27. During the final or phaseout stage of the project lifecycle, __________ is the dominant goal of many project managers. a) schedule b) cost c) scope d) quality Ans: c Section Reference: 3.2 Special Demands on the Project Manager Level: Intermediate Bloom’s: Knowledge AACSB: Analysis Page: 90 28. During the buildup stage of a project life cycle, __________ is the dominant goal of many project managers. a) schedule b) cost c) scope d) quality Ans: a Section Reference: 3.2 Special Demands on the Project Manager Level: Intermediate Bloom’s: Knowledge AACSB: Analysis Page: 90 29. A project manager must make trade-off decisions between the project, the firm, and _____. a) other projects b) their own career goals c) demands of the functional managers d) completion time for the project Ans: b Section Reference: 3.2 Special Demands on the Project Manager Level: Intermediate Bloom’s: Knowledge AACSB: Ethics Page: 91 30. Most of the time spent by a project manager is spent __________. a) attending technical workshops b) overseeing the workforce c) filing paperwork d) communicating Ans: d Section Reference: 3.2 Special Demands on the Project Manager Level: Intermediate Bloom’s: Knowledge AACSB: Communication Page: 92 31. In order to meet the demands of the job of project manager—acquiring adequate resources, acquiring and motivating personnel, dealing with obstacles, making project goal trade-offs, maintaining a balanced outlook, and establishing a broad network of communication—the project manager must be a(n) _______________. a) highly skilled negotiator b) hard worker c) effective budgeter d) cultural expert Ans: a Section Reference: 3.2 Special Demands on the Project Manager Level: Easy Bloom’s: Comprehension AACSB: Communication Page: 95 32. According to the authors, of all the characteristics desirable in a project manager, __________ is the most important. a) availability b) a strong technical background c) ability to keep the project team happy d) drive to complete the task Ans: d Section Reference: 3.3 Attributes of Effective Project Managers Level: Easy Bloom’s: Comprehension AACSB: Communication Page: 96 33. Project managers must have __________, which refers to possessing enough technical abilities to direct the project. a) technical credibility b) managerial credibility c) negotiation skill d) drive to complete the task Ans: a Section Reference: 3.3 Attributes of Effective Project Managers Level: Intermediate Bloom’s: Knowledge AACSB: Communication Page: 96 34. The project manager needs __________ credibility. a) technical and personal b) administrative and personal c) technical and administrative d) technical and financial Ans: c Section Reference: 3.3 Attributes of Effective Project Managers Level: Easy Bloom’s: Comprehension AACSB: Communication Page: 96-97 35. The ability to sense conflict early, then confront and deal with it before the conflict escalates into interdepartmental and intradepartmental warfare is which of the following attributes? a) credibility b) sensitivity c) competency d) ability to handle stress Ans: b Section Reference: 3.3 Attributes of Effective Project Managers Level: Easy Bloom’s: Comprehension AACSB: Communication Page: 97 36. __________ result(s) when the demands made on an individual are greater than the person's ability to cope with them, particularly when the person has a high need for achievement. a) Stress b) Culture c) Balance d) Contingency plans Ans: a Section Reference: 3.3 Attributes of Effective Project Managers Level: Easy Bloom’s: Knowledge AACSB: Communication Page: 101 37. Projects are conducted in four important environments. They are __________. a) economic, political, legal, and sociotechnical b) internal, external, transitional, and multicultural c) routine, unique, fast-paced, and complex d) profit, not for profit, government, and industry Ans: a Section Reference: 3.4 Problems of Cultural Differences Level: Easy Bloom’s: Comprehension AACSB: Analysis Page: 102 38. __________ is the entire way of life for a group of people. It contains the four elements of technology, institutions, language, and arts. a) Management b) Systemic living c) Nomadic living d) Culture Ans: d Section Reference: 3.4 Problems of Cultural Differences Level: Easy Bloom’s: Knowledge AACSB: Communication Page: 102 39. The structure of a society is determined by its __________. a) institutions b) wages c) jobs d) enemies Ans: a Section Reference: 3.4 Problems of Cultural Differences Level: Intermediate Bloom’s: Knowledge AACSB: Communication Page: 102 40. According to the textbook, in Latin America, the __________ system leads a manager to give preference to relatives and friends when hiring. a) amigo b) compadre c) counterpart d) diablo Ans: b Section Reference: 3.4 Problems of Cultural Differences Level: Easy Bloom’s: Comprehension AACSB: Ethics Page: 103 41. The __________ is the “corporate culture” within the organization, or even within the project. a) cultural anomaly b) microculture c) multiculture d) interfirm culture Ans: b Section Reference: 3.4 Problems of Cultural Differences Level: Easy Bloom’s: Knowledge AACSB: Analysis Page: 104 42. The __________ is a person who spearheads an idea or action and sells it throughout the organization. a) stakeholder b) champion c) interviewer d) coach Ans: b Section Reference: Glossary Level: Easy Bloom’s: Comprehension AACSB: Analysis Page: 107 43. The __________ is an alternative action if the expected result fails to materialize. a) trade-off b) system plan c) feedback d) contingency plan Ans: d Section Reference: Glossary Level: Easy Bloom’s: Knowledge AACSB: Analysis Page: 107 44. The __________ represents everything outside the system that delivers inputs or receives outputs from the system. a) environment b) feedback c) culture d) system Ans: a Section Reference: Glossary Level: Easy Bloom’s: Knowledge AACSB: Communication Page: 107 45. The project manager makes a __________ by allowing one aspect of the project to get worse in return for allowing another aspect of the project to get better. a) decision b) turnaround c) trade-off d) chart Ans: c Section Reference: Glossary Level: Easy Bloom’s: Knowledge AACSB: Analysis Page: 107 46. A __________ is a person who helps people overcome problems, either with technical issues or with other people. a) problem solver b) stakeholder c) synthesizer d) facilitator Ans: d Section Reference: Glossary Level: Easy Bloom’s: Knowledge AACSB: Communication Page: 107 Matching 47. The Tuckman ladder suggest that teams progress through four development phases. Those phases are listed below. Match each phase with its description. a) Forming b) Storming c) Norming d) Performing 1) Teams function as a cohesive unit focused on accomplishing the goals of the project. 2) Team members come together for the first time and begin learning about their roles and responsibilities. 3) In this phase, the team members begin to establish team norms and team cohesiveness develops. Individual team members reconcile their behaviors to support the overall team, and trust develops. 4) Work on the project begins, but initially the team members tend to work independently, which often leads to conflict. Ans: d=1, a=2, b=4, and c=3 Section Reference: 3.2 Special Demands on the Project Manager Level: Easy Bloom’s: Knowledge AACSB: Communication Page: 87 48. Listed below are three aspects of leadership. Match them with their associated competencies. a) Intellectual quality b) Managerial quality c) Emotional quality 1) Engaging communication, managing resources, empowering, developing, and achieving 2) Self-awareness, emotional resilience, motivation, sensitivity, influence, intuitiveness, conscientiousness 3) Critical analysis and judgment, vision and imagination, and strategic perspective Ans: b=1, c=2, a=3 Section Reference: 3.3 Attributes of Effective Project Managers Level: Easy
Bloom’s: Knowledge
AACSB: Communication Page: 98 49. Match these terms with their meanings. a) Analytic approach b) Systems approach c) Champion d) Facilitator 1) A wide-ranging, synthesizing method for addressing problems that considers multiple and interacting relationships 2) A person who helps people overcome problems, either with technical issues or with other people 3) Breaking problems into their constituent parts to understand the parts better and thereby solve the problem 4) A person who spearheads an idea or action and “sells” it throughout the organization Ans: a=3, b=1, c=4, d=2 Section Reference: Glossary Level: Intermediate Bloom's: Knowledge AACSB: Communication Page: 107 Essay 50. Compare and contrast a functional manager with a project manager. Ans: Functional managers are also known as department heads. They are usually specialists in the areas of the organization that they manage. As specialists, they are analytically oriented and know many of the details of the operation for which they are responsible. They know how to tackle problems in their area. They are administratively responsible for deciding how something will be done, who will do it, and what resources will be devoted to the task. They are more skilled at analysis. Project managers are generalists. They oversee many functional areas, each with its own specialists. The project manager may not know how to perform the tasks they oversee. They are more skilled at synthesis. Section Reference: 3.1 Project Management and the Project Manager Level: Intermediate Bloom's: Application AACSB: Communication Page: 79-80 51. Compare and contrast the analytic and systems approaches. As part of your answer, be sure to indicate which part of project leadership is likely to use each approach. Ans: The analytic method focuses on breaking the components of a system into smaller and smaller elements. Functional managers use the analytic approach. The systems approach maintains that to understand a component, we must understand the system of which the component is a part. And to understand the system, we must understand the environment (or larger system) of which it is a part. Adoption of the systems approach is crucial for the project manager. Section Reference: 3.1 Project Management and the Project Manager Level: Intermediate Bloom's: Application AACSB: Analysis Page: 80 52. With respect to acquiring resources, there is a high potential for conflict between the functional manager and the project manager. Describe a major source of that conflict and suggest how it can be managed properly. Ans: The project manager often will seek individuals with scarce but necessary skills. Moreover, the project manager will seek those individuals who are top producers. However, these are the very people the functional manager would like to retain to perform the work of the function. In order to manage this conflict, the use of an objective standard to set priorities is recommended. Instead of seeking to optimize the project or the function, the project manager and the functional manager should collaborate to solve the problem in a manner that maximizes organizational success for the business as a whole. Section Reference: 3.2 Special Demands on the Project Manager Level: Advanced Bloom’s: Comprehension AACSB: Communication Page 86 53. When asked, “How do you motivate astronauts?” a representative of NASA responded, “We don't motivate them, but, boy, are we careful about whom we select.” Discuss the implications of this statement for project managers seeking to motivate project team members. Ans: The most effective team members have some common characteristics. Moreover, the issue of motivating people in a project team is closely related to the kind of people who are invited to join the team. For example, when faced with technical problems, will the team members take the initiative to resolve the issue or will the team members seek to delay action by referring the problem back to the functional department? Moreover, because of the potential for conflicting priorities between the function and the project, team members should have the political skills to balance such competing demands, especially when the project team is not assigned full-time to work on a project. If each team member has a problem solving orientation, the team member will seek interdisciplinary collaboration instead of narrowly viewing the problem within a specific discipline. And finally, team members should have the moral courage necessary to work in an open environment where problems are identified and resolved. Section Reference: 3.2 Special Demands on the Project Manager Level: Easy Bloom’s: Knowledge AACSB: Communication Page 87 54. At the inception of a project, crises tend to be associated with resources. Explain why this scenario could be common in some organizations. Ans: Uniqueness is a characteristics shared by projects. Once the technical plans to accomplish the project have been translated into a budget and schedule, managerial reviews will often seek to gain cuts in budget and/or schedule. Each time this happens, the cuts will have to be translated into changes in technical plans. Section Reference: 3.2 Special Demands on the Project Manager Level: Intermediate Bloom’s: Comprehension AACSB: Analysis Page: 88-89 55. Identify three important characteristics that would be desirable in a project manager. Explain your reasoning. Ans: The three characteristics would be an ability to get the job done without destroying the performing organization and/or its relationships with key stakeholders. There are three aspects to this statement. First, there needs to be a drive to complete the tasks of the project. Second, the resources of the performing organization must be used in a manner that ensures survivability of the organization. Finally, the project manager needs the emotional maturity to balance competing demands among multiple project stakeholders. This response assumes that is important for the performing organization to survive after completion of the project. In some cases, the intent would be to dismantle the performing organization once the project's results have been completed. However, this answer assumes that the performing organization intends to sustain operations as an ongoing business. 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