NURS 6541 Final Exam Questions and Answers - Latest Update 2023/2024 | 100% Correct

NURS 6541 Final Exam Questions and Answers - Latest Update 2023/2024 | 100% Correct. While doing a 5-year-old well child exam, you notice two small patches of hair loss. Broken hair is present, as is erythema and scaling. On the basis of this information, which of these is the likely diagnosis? Selected Answer: c. Alopecia areata • Question 6 • 1 out of 1 points Hope is a 7-month-old who presents in January with a 1-day history of cough, yellow nasal discharge, and low-grade temp (T max 100°F). She was previously healthy. She does have 2+ edema of the nasal turbinates and cloudy rhinorrhea. She is afebrile in the office. Her chest, mouth, and ears are clear. You prescribe: Selected Answer: d. Saline drops, bulb suction, humidified air, and increased PO fluids • Question 7 • 1 out of 1 points The parents of an 8-year-old Down Syndrome boy arrive for his annual well-child visit. He wants to participate in sports, including the Special Olympics. Until further examination can be completed, which of the following sports would you suggest as being safe? Selected Answer: a. Tennis • Question 8 • 1 out of 1 points Jason, age 14, appears with tender discoid breast tissue enlargement (2-3 cm in diameter) beneath the areola. Your next action would be to Selected Answer: a. Perform watchful waiting for 1 year. • Question 9 • 1 out of 1 points You see a 7-year-old boy a day after he was bitten by his pet dog. According to the mother, the dog bit the child after he snuck up on the dog and grabbed his tail. The dog has had all its vaccinations, including rabies. The child has had no fever, has full movement of the injured limb, and has no sign of neurologic or vascular injury. The wound is on the child’s forearm, is not deep, and is not bleeding, but has developed about 2 cm of erythema surrounding the site. Which of the following is the most appropriate treatment? Selected Answer: c. Oral amoxicillin-clavulanate for 7-14 days • Question 10 • 1 out of 1 points A head injury in which bruising or tearing of the cerebral structures occurs is a Selected Answer: d. Contusion • Question 11 • 1 out of 1 points A 14-year-old has a 3-week history of fever, anorexia, and abdominal pain. What additional symptom would cause the NP to suspect Crohn's disease? Selected Answer: b. Blood, mucous diarrhea • Question 12 • 1 out of 1 points Which of the following should be done annually after 1 year of age in a child with Down syndrome? Selected Answer: a. Thyroid screenings • Question 13 • 1 out of 1 points A previously healthy male has a 3-month history of increasing headaches, blurred vision, and personality changes. Previously he admitted to marijuana experimentation more than 1 year ago. On examination he is a healthy, athletic-appearing 17-year-old with decreased extraocular range of motion and left eye visual acuity. Which of the following is the best next step in his management? Selected Answer: c. Neuroimaging • Question 14 • 1 out of 1 points Kelly, your 11-year-old well visit patient, presents to the office with weight loss, polyuria, and polydipsia. Which of the following do you need to rule out? Selected Answer: d. Diabetes mellitus • Question 15 • 1 out of 1 points A 3-week old presents to the office in January with a 1-week history of nasal congestion and occastional cough. On the night prior to the visit in infant developed a fever 102ºF rectally, was difficult to breastfeed, and had paroxysmal coughing and noisy, labored breathing. On exam, you note an ill-appearing infant who is lethergic with wheezing, tachypnea, and intercostal retractions. The infant is home with the mom at this time; however, has a sibling who is 4-years-old and is in daycare and recently had cold symptoms. If the patient has been diagnosed with RSV bronchiolitis, which of the following would be the treatment of choice? Selected Answer: a. Fluids and nutritional support and close monitoring • Question 16 • 1 out of 1 points Chest pain in young children is usually Selected Answer: a. Noncardiac in origin • Question 17 • 1 out of 1 points Maddie, age 2, had a complete blood count (CBC) drawn at her last visit. It indicates that she has a microcytic hypochromic anemia. What should you do now at this visit? Selected Answer: a. Obtain a lead level. • Question 18 • 1 out of 1 points Most children with Duchenne muscular dystrophy become wheelchair dependent by what age? Selected Answer: b. 4 to 6 years of age • Question 19 • 1 out of 1 points The following clinical description best matches which genetic disorder? A tall, thin 14-yearold boy has no signs of puberty. He was delayed in his speech development and always has done less well in school than his siblings. He is shy, and teachers report his activity is immature. Physical examination reveals breast development, and long limbs with a decreased upper segment/lower segment ration. He has small testes and phallus. Selected Answer: e. Klinefelter syndrome (XXY) • Question 20 • 1 out of 1 points Of the following patients, which child should not receive a tuberculin skin test? Selected Answer: d. A 2-year-old who was infected with RSV 2 months ago and is currently asymptomatic. • Question 21 • 1 out of 1 points A 10-year-old male presents with a fever of 102ºF and complaints of leg pains. His mother reports that he had an upper respiratory infecion with a sore throat about 2 weeks ago. No treatment was needed. On examination, he has tender and swollen knees bilaterally. His heart rate is 125 bpm and a blowing systolic murmur is heard at the apex. No murmur was noted at in the chart. The mostly diagnosis is: Selected Answer: a. Rheumatic fever • Question 22 • 1 out of 1 points When a neonate is initially protected against measles, mumps, and rubella because the mother is immune, this is an example of which type of immunity? Selected Answer: b. Natural passive • Question 23 • 1 out of 1 points Sarah, age 13, is markedly obese and has a poor self-image. How do you differentiate between compulsive eating and bulemia? Selected Answer: a. A compulsive eater does not induce vomiting. • Question 24 • 1 out of 1 points Seborrhea dermatitis is common for both infants and adolescents. Which is not correct for this condition? Selected Answer: b. The condition in adolescents is known as acne with comedones and popular and pustular lesions. • Question 25 • 1 out of 1 points Which chromosomal abnormality is associated with short stature in girls? Selected Answer: b. Turner syndrome • Question 26 • 1 out of 1 points You see a patient you believe has folliculitis. What medication would be the best to treat this patient? The patient has no allergies. Selected Answer: c. Dicloxacillin • Question 27 • 1 out of 1 points Antibiotic therapy is one of the mainstays of treatment for which of the following causes of wheezing? Selected Answer: b. Epiglottitis • Question 28 • 1 out of 1 points Which of the following symptoms are most suggestive of pneumonia in a young child? Selected Answer: a. Fever, tachypnea, coryza, cough, scattered rales • Question 29 • 1 out of 1 points An 11-year-old has been diagnosed with mild intermittent asthma. Which of the following is not a routine part of the clinical management? Selected Answer: a. School excuse to not participate in recess and/or physical education activities • Question 30 • 0 out of 1 points Generalized absence seizures usually occur in which age group? Selected Answer: a. Middle-aged adults • Question 31 • 1 out of 1 points Which test is routinely recommended for a preparticipation sports physical? Selected Answer: c. A Snellen test • Question 32 • 0 out of 1 points A healthy, thriving 4-year-old male has had sudden episodes of drawing his knees to his chest and crying like he is in acute pain for the last 5 hours. These episodes are separated by quiet times when he appears normal and comfortable. He is not vomiting and has not had a bowel movement today. What is the most likely diagnosis. Selected Answer: d. Hirschprung disease • Question 33 • 1 out of 1 points A 15-day-old infant has respiratory distress. A quick observation suggests she has slight cyanosis, hepatosplenomegaly, and features consistent with Down Syndrome. The cardiac examination demonstrates a loud first heart sound, a low-pitched, mid-diastolic murmur at the lower left sternal border, and a harsh apical holosystolic murmur in the mitral area. Which of the following cardiac conditions most likely explains her heart findings? Selected Answer: b. Complete atrioventricular canal (endocardial cushion defect) • Question 34 • 0 out of 1 points An ex-preemie with bronchopulmonary dysplasia has been discharged to home from the NICU. One potential problem area that requires close monitoring is Selected Answer: a. Temperature control. • Question 35 • 1 out of 1 points A 16-year-old presents with pharyngitis, cough, and high fever. Her chest x-ray reveals bilateral pulmonary infiltrates. Her white blood cell count is normal and the neutrophil count is normal. The most likely etiology is Selected Answer: b. Chlamydia pneumonia • Question 36 • 1 out of 1 points Which of the following vaccines provides protection against a common type of sepsis/meningitis? Selected Answer: b. Haemophius influenzae vaccine • Question 37 • 1 out of 1 points A mother brings a 2-year-old to your office with the complaint that she passes 5 to 10 watery stools per day that often contain undigested food. The child appears healthy and has no other GI symptoms. She is acting, eating, and voiding normally. Weight gain is normal and the mother states she often drinks (her favorite drink is Kool-Aid) instead of eating. The best management for this condition is: Selected Answer: c. Counsel to decrease fluid intake, increase dietary fiber, and increase fats to 40% of calories. • Question 38 • 1 out of 1 points Six months after being diagnosed with what appears to be insulin-dependent diabetes, the 5-yearold in the case presentation has a significant decrease in his insulin requirement. Which of the following is the most likely explanation? Selected Answer: b. He has entered the "honeymoon phase" of his diabetes. • Question 39 • 1 out of 1 points Grace, age 15, has been diagnosed with acne. Which of the following is not true with this condition? Selected Answer: a. Poor hygiene is the primary cause of acne.