Sociology A Brief Introduction Canadian 5th Edition by Schaefer - Test Bank

01 Student: ___________________________________________________________________________ 1. According to Timmerman, sociologists are concerned with the study of: 
A. similarities between social evolution and the evolution of viruses.
B. how important individuals shape the society in which ordinary people live.
C. what people do as members of a group or while interacting with one another.
D. what people do today and how it can be used to predict future social trends.   2. The systematic study of social behaviour and human groups is known as: 
A. psychology.
B. political science.
C. anthropology.
D. sociology.   3. A sociologist wishes to study social interaction in an inner city. Which of the following approaches will best suit her purpose? 
A. Engaging in the systematic study of social behaviour and human groups.
B. Focusing primarily on how social relationships are based on traditional values.
C. Examining the influence of media and politics on people's everyday lives.
D. Studying how social structures are shaped by the natural environment.   4. The awareness that allows people to comprehend the link between their immediate, personal social settings and the remote, impersonal social world is called: 
A. the sociological imagination.
B. anthropology.
C. a theory.
D. verstehen.   5. ____________ is most closely associated with the concept of the sociological imagination. 
A. Émile Durkheim
B. Max Weber
C. Karl Marx
D. C. Wright Mills   6. A key element in the sociological imagination is the ability to view one's own society: 
A. from the perspective of personal experience.
B. from the perspective of cultural biases.
C. as an outsider.
D. as an insider.   7. A sociologist observing behaviour at a college football game would probably focus on: 
A. what books the coach of the team has read during the past year.
B. a "fan" who has fallen asleep during the game's fourth quarter.
C. the interaction among fans during the pre-game ritual of tailgate parties.
D. the cleanliness of the rest room facilities in the stadium.   8. A sociologist compares people's behaviours when they are eating with friends at a neighbourhood pub compared to eating with friends at an upscale Italian restaurant. This is an example of the use of: 
A. the empirical observation
B. the sociological imagination
C. the statistical analysis
D. the structural analysis   9. Which aspect of divorce would most likely be of interest to sociologists using the sociological imagination? 
A. the structural impact of divorce
B. the personal hardships of a man or woman divorcing
C. the average amount of child support payments for dependent children
D. the number of suicides connected to divorce   10. C. Wright Mills advocated the use of the sociological imagination to view divorce in the United States because divorce: 
A. is a serious personal problem for numerous men and women.
B. is not just an individual's personal problem but a societal concern.
C. may create emotional scars for divorcees.
D. has been a serious problem throughout history.   11. The sociological imagination is an empowering tool because: 
A. it allows us to look beyond a limited understanding of the world.
B. it helps us to understand why certain people may prefer hip-hop music.
C. it opens up a different way of understanding other populations in the world.
D. all of these   12. The body of knowledge obtained using methods based upon systematic observation is called a(an): 
A. theory.
B. verstehen.
C. science.
D. ideal type.   13. Sociology is considered a science because sociologists: 
A. teach at respected universities.
B. engage in organized and systematic study of phenomena to enhance understanding.
C. receive government funding for research projects.
D. construct middle-range theories to explain social behaviour.   14. Which of the following subject areas is an example of a natural science? 
A. philosophy
B. British literature
C. ceramics
D. geology   15. Sociology, anthropology, economics, and history study various aspects of human society and are therefore considered: 
A. natural sciences.
B. social sciences.
C. typologies.
D. psychological categories.   16. Astronomy, biology, chemistry, geology, and physics study various aspects of the physical features of nature and are therefore considered: 
A. natural sciences.
B. social sciences.
C. typologies.
D. psychological categories.   17. Which of the following academic disciplines would most likely explore the ways in which people produce and exchange goods? 
A. history
B. psychology
C. economics
D. sociology   18. Which of the following academic disciplines investigates personality and individual behaviour? 
A. history
B. psychology
C. political science
D. sociology   19. Which of the following academic disciplines emphasizes the influence that society has on people's attitudes and behaviour and the ways in which people shape society? 
A. anthropology
B. economics
C. sociology
D. physics   20. Which of the following academic disciplines is classified as a natural science? 
A. sociology
B. history
C. political science
D. biology   21. Which of the following academic disciplines is classified as a social science? 
A. biology
B. physics
C. anthropology
D. astronomy   22. In studying the impact of the earthquake that hit Port-au-Prince, Haiti, in 2010, which social science would study the short-term prospects for the nation's governance? 
A. history
B. economics
C. sociology
D. political science   23. Which social science would be interested in cost comparisons between the use of the death penalty and incarceration for criminal offenders? 
A. history
B. economics
C. sociology
D. political science   24. A natural scientist would be likely to study: 
A. the clothing patterns of a group of people during a hundred-year period.
B. the food preparation among a tribal group in New Guinea.
C. the rock formations and composition in the Grand Canyon.
D. the interaction between men and women on a college campus.   25. A social scientist would be likely to study the: 
A. composition of a meteorite discovered in a remote area of Siberia.
B. reasons for the decreasing divorce rate in the U.S.
C. newest procedure in heart transplant surgery.
D. possibility of life on Mars.   26. Sociologists argue that, unlike scientific knowledge, common sense conclusions are: 
A. not published.
B. not reliable.
C. not politically correct.
D. easily disseminated.   27. Contrary to common sense, studies of disasters show that: 
A. disasters cause complete social disorganization.
B. disasters produce panic.
C. disasters bring out structure and organization to deal with their aftermath.
D. disasters have no significant effect on human social behaviour.   28. An attempt to explain problems, actions, or behaviour in a comprehensive manner is called a(an): 
A. science.
B. typology.
C. theory.
D. ideal type.   29. In his research on suicide, Émile Durkheim found that: 
A. Protestants had higher suicide rates than Catholics.
B. married people had higher suicide rates than unmarried people.
C. civilians had higher suicide rates than soldiers.
D. suicide rates were higher during periods of prosperity than during periods of depression.   30. Émile Durkheim's study of suicide related suicide rates to: 
A. personal depression.
B. personal stress.
C. the extent to which people were integrated into the group life of a society.
D. climatic conditions such as oppressive heat, heavy rain, and cold winters.   31. Émile Durkheim's sociological explanation for suicide is regarded as scientific because he: 
A. developed conclusions based on systematic examination of data.
B. performed his research solely in a laboratory environment.
C. maintained strict guidelines for the members of his subject group.
D. divided suicide into four distinctive categories.   32. Which of the following statements is an example of a sociological theory? 
A. Suicide rates are a reflection of whether people are, or are not, integrated into the group life of a society.
B. John's suicide was probably the result of the stress he was feeling at work.
C. Social groups must have three or more members.
D. Betting on horse races increases on sunny days.   33. Émile Durkheim is known for his classic sociological study of: 
A. suicide.
B. abortion.
C. soccer.
D. crowd control.   34. The discipline of sociology was given its name by the French theorist: 
A. Émile Durkheim.
B. Auguste Comte.
C. Harriet Martineau.
D. Marcel Marceau.   35. Which sociologist translated the works of Auguste Comte into English and emphasized the impact that the economy, law, trade, and population could have on contemporary society? 
A. Émile Durkheim
B. Jane Addams
C. Harriet Martineau
D. Talcott Parsons   36. Which early sociologist applied the concept of evolution to societies in order to explain how they change, or evolve, over time? 
A. Émile Durkheim
B. Charles Darwin
C. Harriet Martineau
D. Herbert Spencer   37. Anomie refers to: 
A. a model that serves as a measuring rod against which actual cases can be evaluated.
B. a loss of direction that is felt in a society when social control of individual behaviour has become ineffective.
C. a classification scheme containing two or more categories.
D. a type of suicide that is based on depression.   38. In many Third World nations, the pace of social change is very rapid and there is significant hunger and starvation, unemployment, and family disruption. Individuals who live in Third World nations are likely to suffer: 
A. dialecticism.
B. anomie.
C. verstehen.
D. dramaturgy.   39. The concept of anomie was introduced into sociology by: 
A. Auguste Comte.
B. Émile Durkheim.
C. Max Weber.
D. C. Wright Mills.   40.  The word that Max Weber used to stress the need for sociologists to take into account people's emotions, thoughts, beliefs, understandings, and attitudes was:  
A.  verstehen. 
B.  Gemeinschaft. 
C.  anomie. 
D.  Gesellschaft.   41. A sociologist interviews high-salaried corporate chief executive officers (CEOs) to discover whether they feel stress in their everyday lives as a result of the pressure to produce at an unrealistic level. This sociologist is employing: 
A. alienation.
B. anomie.
C. verstehen.
D. globalization techniques.   42. In order to observe Weber's insistence on verstehen in sociological research, a researcher must: 
A. live in the community where her subjects live.
B. use carefully thought out questionnaires.
C. take into account people's emotions, thoughts, beliefs, understandings, and attitudes.
D. ensure that community leaders are convinced to support the research effort.   43. An ideal type is: 
A. a body of knowledge obtained by methods based on systematic observation.
B. a construct or model that serves as a measuring rod against which actual cases can be evaluated.
C. a detailed plan or method for obtaining data scientifically.
D. an initiator of people's attitudes or behaviour.   44. A construct or model that serves as a measuring rod against which actual cases can be evaluated is called a(an): 
A. ideal type.
B. typology.
C. natural science.
D. theory.   45. A sociology instructor asks students to make lists of the characteristics of the best and worst possible instructors. These lists, which would be used to evaluate all instructors, are an example of a(an): 
A. typology.
B. ideal type.
C. verstehen.
D. hypothesis.   46. In The Communist Manifesto, Marx argued that the working class must: 
A. ally with capitalists to build a better world.
B. try to work toward a return to feudalism.
C. overthrow the existing class system of capitalist societies.
D. ignore all aspects of class divisions.   47. Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels said, "The history of all hitherto existing society is the history of class struggles. [. . .] The _______________ have nothing to lose but their chains. They have a world to win. WORKING MEN OF ALL COUNTRIES UNITE!" 
A. bourgeoisie
B. proletarians
C. vulcans
D. middle classes   48. Marx viewed the relationship between the capitalists and the exploited workers in systemic terms; that is, he believed that a system of _____________ relationships maintained the power and dominance of the owners over the workers. 
A. economic
B. political
C. social
D. all of these   49. In Karl Marx's analysis, society was fundamentally divided between: 
A. men and women who clash in pursuit of their own interests.
B. classes that clash in pursuit of their own class interests.
C. Blacks and Whites who clash in pursuit of their own racial interests.
D. the religious and the nonreligious who clash in pursuit of their own interests.   50. Which of the following was a central focus for Charles Horton Cooley? 
A. class issues
B. divorce
C. intimate face-to-face groups
D. suicide   51. Early female sociologists such as Jane Addams were often active in poor urban areas as leaders of community centres known as: 
A. settlement houses.
B. communes.
C. collective homes.
D. utopian communities.   52. Although some of the early sociologists saw themselves as social reformers, by the middle of the twentieth century, the focus of the discipline of sociology had shifted to: 
A. theorizing and gathering information.
B. a de-emphasis on the scientific method.
C. applied sociology.
D. the advocacy of civil rights for minorities.   53. Which sociologist made an important contribution to the discipline by successfully combining theory and research? 
A. C. Wright Mills
B. Jane Addams
C. Harriet Martineau
D. Robert Merton   54. _______________ stresses the study of small groups and often uses experimental study in laboratories. 
A. Microsociology
B. Macrosociology
C. Middle-range sociology
D. Conflict theory   55. Sociological studies that focus on large-scale phenomena or entire civilizations are defined as: 
A. microsociology.
B. interactionism.
C. macrosociology.
D. dramaturgy.   56. A study of divorce rates among the populations of Canada, England, the U.S., and France is an example of: 
A. alienation.
B. anomie.
C. microsociology.
D. macrosociology.   57. A sociologist studies drug-use patterns among small groups of college students in a mid-western college. This would be an example of: 
A. conflict theory.
B. functionalism.
C. macrosociology.
D. microsociology.   58. Which sociological perspective would view society as a living organism in which each part of the organism contributes to its survival and stability? 
A. functionalist perspective
B. conflict perspective
C. interactionist perspective
D. all of these   59. Which sociologist saw "society as a vast network of connected parts, each of which contributes to the maintenance of the system as a whole?" 
A. Karl Marx
B. Erving Goffman
C. Max Weber
D. Talcott Parsons   60. Which sociological perspective would suggest that if an aspect of social life does not contribute to a society's stability, then it does not serve a useful function? 
A. functionalist perspective
B. conflict perspective
C. interactionist perspective
D. all of these   61. Which sociological perspective would be most likely to argue that the existence of prostitution suggests that it satisfies certain basic social needs? 
A. functionalist perspective
B. conflict perspective
C. interactionist perspective
D. global perspective   62. According to the functionalist perspective, an aspect of social life is passed on from one generation to the next if it: 
A. can be used by one group to subjugate another group.
B. enhances impression management.
C. promotes value consensus among members of a society.
D. is dysfunctional.   63. Which of the following could be a manifest function of colleges? 
A. They are a place to meet future husbands or wives.
B. They sometimes fail to teach students how to read or write effectively.
C. They help to maintain the economic status quo in North America.
D. They prepare students for post-college careers.   64. An element or a process of society that may actually disrupt a social system or lead to a decrease in stability is known as a: 
A. latent function.
B. manifest function.
C. dysfunction.
D. conflict function.   65. U.S. prison officials promote the eradication of inmate gangs because they threaten the smooth operation of prisons. Adopting this viewpoint, inmate gangs are a: 
A. dysfunction of prison.
B. latent function of prison.
C. manifest function of prison.
D. proactive function of prison.   66. Which sociological perspective sees the social world as being in continual struggle? 
A. functionalist perspective
B. conflict perspective
C. interactionist perspective
D. global perspective   67. Critics of television often suggest that executives of major television networks and movie corporations are wealthy White males who decide which programs or movies will be produced and which directors and actors will obtain jobs in the industry. This analysis reflects the: 
A. functionalist perspective.
B. conflict perspective.
C. interactionist perspective.
D. global perspective.   68. The view that society can best be understood in terms of competition between groups is the: 
A. functionalist perspective.
B. evolution perspective.
C. symbolic interactionist perspective.
D. conflict perspective.   69. Which feminist perspective recognizes that capitalism and systems of political power oppress women around the world? 
A. Liberal feminism
B. Marxist feminism
C. Transnational feminism
D. Radical feminism   70. Which sociological approach focuses on the macro-level and would tend to view inequality in gender as central to behaviour and organization? 
A. functionalist perspective
B. conflict perspective
C. interactionist perspective
D. feminist perspective   71. Which sociologist explored the ways that sexism can influence research in social science? 
A. Jane Addams
B. Margrit Eichler
C. Harriet Martineau
D. Dorothy Smith   72. Which sociological perspective generalizes about everyday forms of social interaction in order to understand society as a whole? 
A. functionalist perspective
B. conflict perspective
C. interactionist perspective
D. all of these   73. Which sociologist is widely regarded as the founder of the interactionist perspective? 
A. C. Wright Mills
B. George Herbert Mead
C. Charles Horton Cooley
D. Erving Goffman   74. Which sociological perspective holds the view that people create their social worlds through interaction and manipulation of symbols? 
A. functionalist
B. conflict
C. interactionist
D. global   75. Which sociological perspective is most concerned with macro-level analysis? 
A. functionalist perspective
B. conflict perspective
C. interactionist perspective
D. both functionalist and conflict perspectives.   76. Inequality, capitalism, and stratification are key concepts of which theoretical perspective? 
A. functionalist perspective
B. conflict perspective
C. interactionist perspective
D. all of these   77. In examining any aspect of society, which sociological perspective emphasizes the contribution that aspect makes to overall social stability? 
A. functionalist perspective
B. conflict perspective
C. interactionist perspective
D. all of these   78. Which sociological perspective would most likely argue that the social order is based on coercion and exploitation? 
A. functionalist perspective
B. conflict perspective
C. interactionist perspective
D. global perspective   79. Which sociological perspective argues that no single theory can accurately explain the complexities of today's society? 
A. Conflict perspective
B. Interactionist perspective
C. Postmodern perspective
D. Functionalist perspective   80. Which theorist popularized the dramaturgical approach? 
A. George Herbert Mead
B. Erving Goffman
C. Dorothy Smith
D. Karl Marx   81. Which sociological approach would focus on the personal relations and day-to-day social behaviour of the people experiencing the Gulf of Mexico oil spill? 
A. functionalist perspective
B. conflict perspective
C. interactionist perspective
D. feminist perspective   82. Which sociological perspective would view the oil industry as a form of big business in which profits are more important than the health and safety of the people suffering in the aftermath of the Gulf of Mexico oil spill? 
A. functionalist perspective
B. conflict perspective
C. interactionist perspective
D. none of these   83. Which sociological perspective would suggest that the revitalization of the environmental movement is a supportive function of the Gulf of Mexico oil spill? 
A. functionalist perspective
B. conflict perspective
C. interactionist perspective
D. feminist perspective   84. Which sociological perspective would most likely suggest that churches and other charities provided spiritual and material support to households affected by the Gulf of Mexico oil spill? 
A. functionalist perspective
B. conflict perspective
C. interactionist perspective
D. feminist perspective   85. Which sociological theorists would emphasize that, although news outlets report on oil spills affecting affluent countries, larger oil spills affecting economically-inferior nations receive less news coverage? 
A. functionalists.
B. conflict theorists.
C. interactionists.
D. global sociologists.   86. Which sociological perspective would suggest that stressful events such as the Gulf of Mexico oil spill can contribute to social breakdowns, including divorce? 
A. functionalist perspective
B. conflict perspective
C. interactionist perspective
D. feminist perspective   87. Which sociological perspective would emphasize that women bear a disproportionate share of the burden in their role as caregivers during times of disaster? 
A. Feminist perspective
B. Conflict perspective
C. Functionalist
D. Interactionist   88. The work of such sociologists as _________, addresses the long-standing exclusion of women's standpoint in sociology, as well as sexist biases in the way in which sociological research has been conducted. 
A. George Herbert Mead and John Cooley
B. Talcott Parsons and Robert Prus
C. Dorothy Smith and Margrit Eichler
D. Patricia Madoo Lengermann and Gillian Niebrugge   89. We can expect _______ to play an increasing role in the government sector by researching and developing public policy alternatives. 
A. psychologists
B. anthropologists
C. sociologists
D. psychiatrists   90. Sociology is the systematic study of social behaviour and the study of individual personality differences. 
True    False   91. An effective sociological theory may have both explanatory and predictive power. 
True    False   92. Herbert Spencer suggested that sociologists should be highly critical of the status quo and should work actively for social change. 
True    False   93. Karl Marx saw the factory as the centre of conflict between society's exploiters and its exploited masses. 
True    False   94. In the middle of the twentieth century, the focus of sociology shifted from theorizing and information gathering to a more active interest in transforming society. 
True    False   95. One of Robert Merton's most significant contributions to sociology was the attempt to merge the micro-level and macro-level approaches to the study of society. 
True    False   96. Describe what C. Wright Mills meant by the term "sociological imagination."  
  
  
    97. Discuss what separates sociology from common sense. Be sure to give some examples of how sociological research might dispel commonly accepted views.  
  
  
    98. Summarize the contributions of Émile Durkheim, Max Weber, and Karl Marx to the field of sociology. Be sure to note any theoretical differences they may have had with one another.  
  
  
    99. Explain the similarities and differences between the three major sociological perspectives of functionalism, conflict theory, and symbolic interactionism. Identify which perspectives use a macro-level or a micro-level of analysis.  
  
  
    100. Describe the similarities and differences between conflict theory and the feminist perspective.  
  
  
    01 Key
  1. According to Timmerman, sociologists are concerned with the study of: 
A. similarities between social evolution and the evolution of viruses.
B. how important individuals shape the society in which ordinary people live.
C. what people do as members of a group or while interacting with one another.
D. what people do today and how it can be used to predict future social trends.   
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom's: Remember
Learning Objective: 01-01 What Is Sociology?
Schaefer - Chapter 01 #1
  2. The systematic study of social behaviour and human groups is known as: 
A. psychology.
B. political science.
C. anthropology.
D. sociology.   
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Bloom's: Remember
Learning Objective: 01-01 What Is Sociology?
Schaefer - Chapter 01 #2
  3. A sociologist wishes to study social interaction in an inner city. Which of the following approaches will best suit her purpose? 
A. Engaging in the systematic study of social behaviour and human groups.
B. Focusing primarily on how social relationships are based on traditional values.
C. Examining the influence of media and politics on people's everyday lives.
D. Studying how social structures are shaped by the natural environment.   
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Bloom's: Analyze
Learning Objective: 01-01 What Is Sociology?
Schaefer - Chapter 01 #3
  4. The awareness that allows people to comprehend the link between their immediate, personal social settings and the remote, impersonal social world is called: 
A. the sociological imagination.
B. anthropology.
C. a theory.
D. verstehen.   
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Bloom's: Remember
Learning Objective: 01-01 What Is Sociology?
Schaefer - Chapter 01 #4
  5. ____________ is most closely associated with the concept of the sociological imagination. 
A. Émile Durkheim
B. Max Weber
C. Karl Marx
D. C. Wright Mills   
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Bloom's: Remember
Learning Objective: 01-01 What Is Sociology?
Schaefer - Chapter 01 #5
  6. A key element in the sociological imagination is the ability to view one's own society: 
A. from the perspective of personal experience.
B. from the perspective of cultural biases.
C. as an outsider.
D. as an insider.   
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Bloom's: Remember
Learning Objective: 01-01 What Is Sociology?
Schaefer - Chapter 01 #6
  7. A sociologist observing behaviour at a college football game would probably focus on: 
A. what books the coach of the team has read during the past year.
B. a "fan" who has fallen asleep during the game's fourth quarter.
C. the interaction among fans during the pre-game ritual of tailgate parties.
D. the cleanliness of the rest room facilities in the stadium.   
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Bloom's: Analyze
Learning Objective: 01-01 What Is Sociology?
Schaefer - Chapter 01 #7
  8. A sociologist compares people's behaviours when they are eating with friends at a neighbourhood pub compared to eating with friends at an upscale Italian restaurant. This is an example of the use of: 
A. the empirical observation
B. the sociological imagination
C. the statistical analysis
D. the structural analysis   
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Bloom's: Analyze
Learning Objective: 01-01 What Is Sociology?
Schaefer - Chapter 01 #8
  9. Which aspect of divorce would most likely be of interest to sociologists using the sociological imagination? 
A. the structural impact of divorce
B. the personal hardships of a man or woman divorcing
C. the average amount of child support payments for dependent children
D. the number of suicides connected to divorce   
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Bloom's: Understand
Learning Objective: 01-01 What Is Sociology?
Schaefer - Chapter 01 #9
  10. C. Wright Mills advocated the use of the sociological imagination to view divorce in the United States because divorce: 
A. is a serious personal problem for numerous men and women.
B. is not just an individual's personal problem but a societal concern.
C. may create emotional scars for divorcees.
D. has been a serious problem throughout history.   
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Bloom's: Remember
Learning Objective: 01-01 What Is Sociology?
Schaefer - Chapter 01 #10
  11. The sociological imagination is an empowering tool because: 
A. it allows us to look beyond a limited understanding of the world.
B. it helps us to understand why certain people may prefer hip-hop music.
C. it opens up a different way of understanding other populations in the world.
D. all of these   
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Bloom's: Understand
Learning Objective: 01-01 What Is Sociology?
Schaefer - Chapter 01 #11
  12. The body of knowledge obtained using methods based upon systematic observation is called a(an): 
A. theory.
B. verstehen.
C. science.
D. ideal type.   
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Bloom's: Remember
Learning Objective: 01-01 What Is Sociology?
Schaefer - Chapter 01 #12
  13. Sociology is considered a science because sociologists: 
A. teach at respected universities.
B. engage in organized and systematic study of phenomena to enhance understanding.
C. receive government funding for research projects.
D. construct middle-range theories to explain social behaviour.   
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Bloom's: Remember
Learning Objective: 01-01 What Is Sociology?
Schaefer - Chapter 01 #13
  14. Which of the following subject areas is an example of a natural science? 
A. philosophy
B. British literature
C. ceramics
D. geology   
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Learning Objective: 01-01 What Is Sociology?
Schaefer - Chapter 01 #14
  15. Sociology, anthropology, economics, and history study various aspects of human society and are therefore considered: 
A. natural sciences.
B. social sciences.
C. typologies.
D. psychological categories.   
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Bloom's: Remember
Learning Objective: 01-01 What Is Sociology?
Schaefer - Chapter 01 #15
  16. Astronomy, biology, chemistry, geology, and physics study various aspects of the physical features of nature and are therefore considered: 
A. natural sciences.
B. social sciences.
C. typologies.
D. psychological categories.   
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Learning Objective: 01-01 What Is Sociology?
Schaefer - Chapter 01 #16
  17. Which of the following academic disciplines would most likely explore the ways in which people produce and exchange goods? 
A. history
B. psychology
C. economics
D. sociology   
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Learning Objective: 01-01 What Is Sociology?
Schaefer - Chapter 01 #17
  18. Which of the following academic disciplines investigates personality and individual behaviour? 
A. history
B. psychology
C. political science
D. sociology   
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Learning Objective: 01-01 What Is Sociology?
Schaefer - Chapter 01 #18
  19. Which of the following academic disciplines emphasizes the influence that society has on people's attitudes and behaviour and the ways in which people shape society? 
A. anthropology
B. economics
C. sociology
D. physics   
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Learning Objective: 01-01 What Is Sociology?
Schaefer - Chapter 01 #19
  20. Which of the following academic disciplines is classified as a natural science? 
A. sociology
B. history
C. political science
D. biology   
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Learning Objective: 01-01 What Is Sociology?
Schaefer - Chapter 01 #20
  21. Which of the following academic disciplines is classified as a social science? 
A. biology
B. physics
C. anthropology
D. astronomy   
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Learning Objective: 01-01 What Is Sociology?
Schaefer - Chapter 01 #21
  22. In studying the impact of the earthquake that hit Port-au-Prince, Haiti, in 2010, which social science would study the short-term prospects for the nation's governance? 
A. history
B. economics
C. sociology
D. political science   
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Learning Objective: 01-01 What Is Sociology?
Schaefer - Chapter 01 #22
  23. Which social science would be interested in cost comparisons between the use of the death penalty and incarceration for criminal offenders? 
A. history
B. economics
C. sociology
D. political science   
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Learning Objective: 01-01 What Is Sociology?
Schaefer - Chapter 01 #23
  24. A natural scientist would be likely to study: 
A. the clothing patterns of a group of people during a hundred-year period.
B. the food preparation among a tribal group in New Guinea.
C. the rock formations and composition in the Grand Canyon.
D. the interaction between men and women on a college campus.   
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Learning Objective: 01-01 What Is Sociology?
Schaefer - Chapter 01 #24
  25. A social scientist would be likely to study the: 
A. composition of a meteorite discovered in a remote area of Siberia.
B. reasons for the decreasing divorce rate in the U.S.
C. newest procedure in heart transplant surgery.
D. possibility of life on Mars.   
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Learning Objective: 01-01 What Is Sociology?
Schaefer - Chapter 01 #25
  26. Sociologists argue that, unlike scientific knowledge, common sense conclusions are: 
A. not published.
B. not reliable.
C. not politically correct.
D. easily disseminated.   
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Learning Objective: 01-01 What Is Sociology?
Schaefer - Chapter 01 #26
  27. Contrary to common sense, studies of disasters show that: 
A. disasters cause complete social disorganization.
B. disasters produce panic.
C. disasters bring out structure and organization to deal with their aftermath.
D. disasters have no significant effect on human social behaviour.   
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Learning Objective: 01-01 What Is Sociology?
Schaefer - Chapter 01 #27
  28. An attempt to explain problems, actions, or behaviour in a comprehensive manner is called a(an): 
A. science.
B. typology.
C. theory.
D. ideal type.   
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Learning Objective: 01-02 What Is Sociological Theory?
Schaefer - Chapter 01 #28
  29. In his research on suicide, Émile Durkheim found that: 
A. Protestants had higher suicide rates than Catholics.
B. married people had higher suicide rates than unmarried people.
C. civilians had higher suicide rates than soldiers.
D. suicide rates were higher during periods of prosperity than during periods of depression.   
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Learning Objective: 01-02 What Is Sociological Theory?
Schaefer - Chapter 01 #29
  30. Émile Durkheim's study of suicide related suicide rates to: 
A. personal depression.
B. personal stress.
C. the extent to which people were integrated into the group life of a society.
D. climatic conditions such as oppressive heat, heavy rain, and cold winters.   
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Learning Objective: 01-02 What Is Sociological Theory?
Schaefer - Chapter 01 #30
  31. Émile Durkheim's sociological explanation for suicide is regarded as scientific because he: 
A. developed conclusions based on systematic examination of data.
B. performed his research solely in a laboratory environment.
C. maintained strict guidelines for the members of his subject group.
D. divided suicide into four distinctive categories.   
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Learning Objective: 01-02 What Is Sociological Theory?
Schaefer - Chapter 01 #31
  32. Which of the following statements is an example of a sociological theory? 
A. Suicide rates are a reflection of whether people are, or are not, integrated into the group life of a society.
B. John's suicide was probably the result of the stress he was feeling at work.
C. Social groups must have three or more members.
D. Betting on horse races increases on sunny days.   
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Learning Objective: 01-02 What Is Sociological Theory?
Schaefer - Chapter 01 #32
  33. Émile Durkheim is known for his classic sociological study of: 
A. suicide.
B. abortion.
C. soccer.
D. crowd control.   
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Learning Objective: 01-02 What Is Sociological Theory?
Schaefer - Chapter 01 #33
  34. The discipline of sociology was given its name by the French theorist: 
A. Émile Durkheim.
B. Auguste Comte.
C. Harriet Martineau.
D. Marcel Marceau.   
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Learning Objective: 01-03 How Did Sociology Develop?
Schaefer - Chapter 01 #34
  35. Which sociologist translated the works of Auguste Comte into English and emphasized the impact that the economy, law, trade, and population could have on contemporary society? 
A. Émile Durkheim
B. Jane Addams
C. Harriet Martineau
D. Talcott Parsons   
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Learning Objective: 01-03 How Did Sociology Develop?
Schaefer - Chapter 01 #35
  36. Which early sociologist applied the concept of evolution to societies in order to explain how they change, or evolve, over time? 
A. Émile Durkheim
B. Charles Darwin
C. Harriet Martineau
D. Herbert Spencer   
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Learning Objective: 01-03 How Did Sociology Develop?
Schaefer - Chapter 01 #36
  37. Anomie refers to: 
A. a model that serves as a measuring rod against which actual cases can be evaluated.
B. a loss of direction that is felt in a society when social control of individual behaviour has become ineffective.
C. a classification scheme containing two or more categories.
D. a type of suicide that is based on depression.   
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Learning Objective: 01-03 How Did Sociology Develop?
Schaefer - Chapter 01 #37
  38. In many Third World nations, the pace of social change is very rapid and there is significant hunger and starvation, unemployment, and family disruption. Individuals who live in Third World nations are likely to suffer: 
A. dialecticism.
B. anomie.
C. verstehen.
D. dramaturgy.   
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Learning Objective: 01-03 How Did Sociology Develop?
Schaefer - Chapter 01 #38
  39. The concept of anomie was introduced into sociology by: 
A. Auguste Comte.
B. Émile Durkheim.
C. Max Weber.
D. C. Wright Mills.   
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Learning Objective: 01-03 How Did Sociology Develop?
Schaefer - Chapter 01 #39
  40.  The word that Max Weber used to stress the need for sociologists to take into account people's emotions, thoughts, beliefs, understandings, and attitudes was:  
A.  verstehen. 
B.  Gemeinschaft. 
C.  anomie. 
D.  Gesellschaft.   
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Learning Objective: 01-03 How Did Sociology Develop?
Schaefer - Chapter 01 #40
  41. A sociologist interviews high-salaried corporate chief executive officers (CEOs) to discover whether they feel stress in their everyday lives as a result of the pressure to produce at an unrealistic level. This sociologist is employing: 
A. alienation.
B. anomie.
C. verstehen.
D. globalization techniques.   
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Learning Objective: 01-03 How Did Sociology Develop?
Schaefer - Chapter 01 #41
  42. In order to observe Weber's insistence on verstehen in sociological research, a researcher must: 
A. live in the community where her subjects live.
B. use carefully thought out questionnaires.
C. take into account people's emotions, thoughts, beliefs, understandings, and attitudes.
D. ensure that community leaders are convinced to support the research effort.   
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Learning Objective: 01-03 How Did Sociology Develop?
Schaefer - Chapter 01 #42
  43. An ideal type is: 
A. a body of knowledge obtained by methods based on systematic observation.
B. a construct or model that serves as a measuring rod against which actual cases can be evaluated.
C. a detailed plan or method for obtaining data scientifically.
D. an initiator of people's attitudes or behaviour.   
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Learning Objective: 01-03 How Did Sociology Develop?
Schaefer - Chapter 01 #43
  44. A construct or model that serves as a measuring rod against which actual cases can be evaluated is called a(an): 
A. ideal type.
B. typology.
C. natural science.
D. theory.   
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Learning Objective: 01-03 How Did Sociology Develop?
Schaefer - Chapter 01 #44
  45. A sociology instructor asks students to make lists of the characteristics of the best and worst possible instructors. These lists, which would be used to evaluate all instructors, are an example of a(an): 
A. typology.
B. ideal type.
C. verstehen.
D. hypothesis.   
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Learning Objective: 01-03 How Did Sociology Develop?
Schaefer - Chapter 01 #45
  46. In The Communist Manifesto, Marx argued that the working class must: 
A. ally with capitalists to build a better world.
B. try to work toward a return to feudalism.
C. overthrow the existing class system of capitalist societies.
D. ignore all aspects of class divisions.   
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Learning Objective: 01-03 How Did Sociology Develop?
Schaefer - Chapter 01 #46
  47. Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels said, "The history of all hitherto existing society is the history of class struggles. [. . .] The _______________ have nothing to lose but their chains. They have a world to win. WORKING MEN OF ALL COUNTRIES UNITE!" 
A. bourgeoisie
B. proletarians
C. vulcans
D. middle classes   
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Learning Objective: 01-03 How Did Sociology Develop?
Schaefer - Chapter 01 #47
  48. Marx viewed the relationship between the capitalists and the exploited workers in systemic terms; that is, he believed that a system of _____________ relationships maintained the power and dominance of the owners over the workers. 
A. economic
B. political
C. social
D. all of these   
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Learning Objective: 01-03 How Did Sociology Develop?
Schaefer - Chapter 01 #48
  49. In Karl Marx's analysis, society was fundamentally divided between: 
A. men and women who clash in pursuit of their own interests.
B. classes that clash in pursuit of their own class interests.
C. Blacks and Whites who clash in pursuit of their own racial interests.
D. the religious and the nonreligious who clash in pursuit of their own interests.   
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Learning Objective: 01-03 How Did Sociology Develop?
Schaefer - Chapter 01 #49
  50. Which of the following was a central focus for Charles Horton Cooley? 
A. class issues
B. divorce
C. intimate face-to-face groups
D. suicide   
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Learning Objective: 01-03 How Did Sociology Develop?
Schaefer - Chapter 01 #50
  51. Early female sociologists such as Jane Addams were often active in poor urban areas as leaders of community centres known as: 
A. settlement houses.
B. communes.
C. collective homes.
D. utopian communities.   
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Learning Objective: 01-03 How Did Sociology Develop?
Schaefer - Chapter 01 #51
  52. Although some of the early sociologists saw themselves as social reformers, by the middle of the twentieth century, the focus of the discipline of sociology had shifted to: 
A. theorizing and gathering information.
B. a de-emphasis on the scientific method.
C. applied sociology.
D. the advocacy of civil rights for minorities.   
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Learning Objective: 01-03 How Did Sociology Develop?
Schaefer - Chapter 01 #52
  53. Which sociologist made an important contribution to the discipline by successfully combining theory and research? 
A. C. Wright Mills
B. Jane Addams
C. Harriet Martineau
D. Robert Merton   
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Learning Objective: 01-03 How Did Sociology Develop?
Schaefer - Chapter 01 #53
  54. _______________ stresses the study of small groups and often uses experimental study in laboratories. 
A. Microsociology
B. Macrosociology
C. Middle-range sociology
D. Conflict theory   
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Learning Objective: 01-03 How Did Sociology Develop?
Schaefer - Chapter 01 #54
  55. Sociological studies that focus on large-scale phenomena or entire civilizations are defined as: 
A. microsociology.
B. interactionism.
C. macrosociology.
D. dramaturgy.   
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Learning Objective: 01-03 How Did Sociology Develop?
Schaefer - Chapter 01 #55
  56. A study of divorce rates among the populations of Canada, England, the U.S., and France is an example of: 
A. alienation.
B. anomie.
C. microsociology.
D. macrosociology.   
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Learning Objective: 01-03 How Did Sociology Develop?
Schaefer - Chapter 01 #56
  57. A sociologist studies drug-use patterns among small groups of college students in a mid-western college. This would be an example of: 
A. conflict theory.
B. functionalism.
C. macrosociology.
D. microsociology.   
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Learning Objective: 01-03 How Did Sociology Develop?
Schaefer - Chapter 01 #57
  58. Which sociological perspective would view society as a living organism in which each part of the organism contributes to its survival and stability? 
A. functionalist perspective
B. conflict perspective
C. interactionist perspective
D. all of these   
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Learning Objective: 01-04 What Are the Major Theoretical Perspectives?
Schaefer - Chapter 01 #58
  59. Which sociologist saw "society as a vast network of connected parts, each of which contributes to the maintenance of the system as a whole?" 
A. Karl Marx
B. Erving Goffman
C. Max Weber
D. Talcott Parsons   
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Learning Objective: 01-04 What Are the Major Theoretical Perspectives?
Schaefer - Chapter 01 #59
  60. Which sociological perspective would suggest that if an aspect of social life does not contribute to a society's stability, then it does not serve a useful function? 
A. functionalist perspective
B. conflict perspective
C. interactionist perspective
D. all of these   
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Learning Objective: 01-04 What Are the Major Theoretical Perspectives?
Schaefer - Chapter 01 #60
  61. Which sociological perspective would be most likely to argue that the existence of prostitution suggests that it satisfies certain basic social needs? 
A. functionalist perspective
B. conflict perspective
C. interactionist perspective
D. global perspective   
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Learning Objective: 01-04 What Are the Major Theoretical Perspectives?
Schaefer - Chapter 01 #61
  62. According to the functionalist perspective, an aspect of social life is passed on from one generation to the next if it: 
A. can be used by one group to subjugate another group.
B. enhances impression management.
C. promotes value consensus among members of a society.
D. is dysfunctional.   
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Learning Objective: 01-04 What Are the Major Theoretical Perspectives?
Schaefer - Chapter 01 #62
  63. Which of the following could be a manifest function of colleges? 
A. They are a place to meet future husbands or wives.
B. They sometimes fail to teach students how to read or write effectively.
C. They help to maintain the economic status quo in North America.
D. They prepare students for post-college careers.   
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Learning Objective: 01-04 What Are the Major Theoretical Perspectives?
Schaefer - Chapter 01 #63
  64. An element or a process of society that may actually disrupt a social system or lead to a decrease in stability is known as a: 
A. latent function.
B. manifest function.
C. dysfunction.
D. conflict function.   
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Learning Objective: 01-04 What Are the Major Theoretical Perspectives?
Schaefer - Chapter 01 #64
  65. U.S. prison officials promote the eradication of inmate gangs because they threaten the smooth operation of prisons. Adopting this viewpoint, inmate gangs are a: 
A. dysfunction of prison.
B. latent function of prison.
C. manifest function of prison.
D. proactive function of prison.   
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Learning Objective: 01-04 What Are the Major Theoretical Perspectives?
Schaefer - Chapter 01 #65
  66. Which sociological perspective sees the social world as being in continual struggle? 
A. functionalist perspective
B. conflict perspective
C. interactionist perspective
D. global perspective   
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Learning Objective: 01-04 What Are the Major Theoretical Perspectives?
Schaefer - Chapter 01 #66
  67. Critics of television often suggest that executives of major television networks and movie corporations are wealthy White males who decide which programs or movies will be produced and which directors and actors will obtain jobs in the industry. This analysis reflects the: 
A. functionalist perspective.
B. conflict perspective.
C. interactionist perspective.
D. global perspective.   
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Learning Objective: 01-04 What Are the Major Theoretical Perspectives?
Schaefer - Chapter 01 #67
  68. The view that society can best be understood in terms of competition between groups is the: 
A. functionalist perspective.
B. evolution perspective.
C. symbolic interactionist perspective.
D. conflict perspective.   
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Learning Objective: 01-04 What Are the Major Theoretical Perspectives?
Schaefer - Chapter 01 #68
  69. Which feminist perspective recognizes that capitalism and systems of political power oppress women around the world? 
A. Liberal feminism
B. Marxist feminism
C. Transnational feminism
D. Radical feminism   
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Learning Objective: 01-04 What Are the Major Theoretical Perspectives?
Schaefer - Chapter 01 #69
  70. Which sociological approach focuses on the macro-level and would tend to view inequality in gender as central to behaviour and organization? 
A. functionalist perspective
B. conflict perspective
C. interactionist perspective
D. feminist perspective   
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Learning Objective: 01-04 What Are the Major Theoretical Perspectives?
Schaefer - Chapter 01 #70
  71. Which sociologist explored the ways that sexism can influence research in social science? 
A. Jane Addams
B. Margrit Eichler
C. Harriet Martineau
D. Dorothy Smith   
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Learning Objective: 01-04 What Are the Major Theoretical Perspectives?
Schaefer - Chapter 01 #71
  72. Which sociological perspective generalizes about everyday forms of social interaction in order to understand society as a whole? 
A. functionalist perspective
B. conflict perspective
C. interactionist perspective
D. all of these   
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Learning Objective: 01-04 What Are the Major Theoretical Perspectives?
Schaefer - Chapter 01 #72
  73. Which sociologist is widely regarded as the founder of the interactionist perspective? 
A. C. Wright Mills
B. George Herbert Mead
C. Charles Horton Cooley
D. Erving Goffman   
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Learning Objective: 01-04 What Are the Major Theoretical Perspectives?
Schaefer - Chapter 01 #73
  74. Which sociological perspective holds the view that people create their social worlds through interaction and manipulation of symbols? 
A. functionalist
B. conflict
C. interactionist
D. global   
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Learning Objective: 01-04 What Are the Major Theoretical Perspectives?
Schaefer - Chapter 01 #74
  75. Which sociological perspective is most concerned with macro-level analysis? 
A. functionalist perspective
B. conflict perspective
C. interactionist perspective
D. both functionalist and conflict perspectives.   
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Learning Objective: 01-04 What Are the Major Theoretical Perspectives?
Schaefer - Chapter 01 #75
  76. Inequality, capitalism, and stratification are key concepts of which theoretical perspective? 
A. functionalist perspective
B. conflict perspective
C. interactionist perspective
D. all of these   
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Learning Objective: 01-04 What Are the Major Theoretical Perspectives?
Schaefer - Chapter 01 #76
  77. In examining any aspect of society, which sociological perspective emphasizes the contribution that aspect makes to overall social stability? 
A. functionalist perspective
B. conflict perspective
C. interactionist perspective
D. all of these   
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Learning Objective: 01-04 What Are the Major Theoretical Perspectives?
Schaefer - Chapter 01 #77
  78. Which sociological perspective would most likely argue that the social order is based on coercion and exploitation? 
A. functionalist perspective
B. conflict perspective
C. interactionist perspective
D. global perspective   
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Schaefer - Chapter 01 #78
  79. Which sociological perspective argues that no single theory can accurately explain the complexities of today's society? 
A. Conflict perspective
B. Interactionist perspective
C. Postmodern perspective
D. Functionalist perspective   
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Learning Objective: 01-04 What Are the Major Theoretical Perspectives?
Schaefer - Chapter 01 #79
  80. Which theorist popularized the dramaturgical approach? 
A. George Herbert Mead
B. Erving Goffman
C. Dorothy Smith
D. Karl Marx   
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Learning Objective: 01-04 What Are the Major Theoretical Perspectives?
Schaefer - Chapter 01 #80
  81. Which sociological approach would focus on the personal relations and day-to-day social behaviour of the people experiencing the Gulf of Mexico oil spill? 
A. functionalist perspective
B. conflict perspective
C. interactionist perspective
D. feminist perspective   
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Learning Objective: 01-05 What Can We Expect from the Use of the Sociological Imagination?
Schaefer - Chapter 01 #81
  82. Which sociological perspective would view the oil industry as a form of big business in which profits are more important than the health and safety of the people suffering in the aftermath of the Gulf of Mexico oil spill? 
A. functionalist perspective
B. conflict perspective
C. interactionist perspective
D. none of these   
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Learning Objective: 01-05 What Can We Expect from the Use of the Sociological Imagination?
Schaefer - Chapter 01 #82
  83. Which sociological perspective would suggest that the revitalization of the environmental movement is a supportive function of the Gulf of Mexico oil spill? 
A. functionalist perspective
B. conflict perspective
C. interactionist perspective
D. feminist perspective   
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Learning Objective: 01-05 What Can We Expect from the Use of the Sociological Imagination?
Schaefer - Chapter 01 #83
  84. Which sociological perspective would most likely suggest that churches and other charities provided spiritual and material support to households affected by the Gulf of Mexico oil spill? 
A. functionalist perspective
B. conflict perspective
C. interactionist perspective
D. feminist perspective   
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Learning Objective: 01-05 What Can We Expect from the Use of the Sociological Imagination?
Schaefer - Chapter 01 #84
  85. Which sociological theorists would emphasize that, although news outlets report on oil spills affecting affluent countries, larger oil spills affecting economically-inferior nations receive less news coverage? 
A. functionalists.
B. conflict theorists.
C. interactionists.
D. global sociologists.   
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Learning Objective: 01-05 What Can We Expect from the Use of the Sociological Imagination?
Schaefer - Chapter 01 #85
  86. Which sociological perspective would suggest that stressful events such as the Gulf of Mexico oil spill can contribute to social breakdowns, including divorce? 
A. functionalist perspective
B. conflict perspective
C. interactionist perspective
D. feminist perspective   
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Learning Objective: 01-05 What Can We Expect from the Use of the Sociological Imagination?
Schaefer - Chapter 01 #86
  87. Which sociological perspective would emphasize that women bear a disproportionate share of the burden in their role as caregivers during times of disaster? 
A. Feminist perspective
B. Conflict perspective
C. Functionalist
D. Interactionist   
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Learning Objective: 01-05 What Can We Expect from the Use of the Sociological Imagination?
Schaefer - Chapter 01 #87
  88. The work of such sociologists as _________, addresses the long-standing exclusion of women's standpoint in sociology, as well as sexist biases in the way in which sociological research has been conducted. 
A. George Herbert Mead and John Cooley
B. Talcott Parsons and Robert Prus
C. Dorothy Smith and Margrit Eichler
D. Patricia Madoo Lengermann and Gillian Niebrugge   
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Learning Objective: 01-04 What Are the Major Theoretical Perspectives?
Schaefer - Chapter 01 #88
  89. We can expect _______ to play an increasing role in the government sector by researching and developing public policy alternatives. 
A. psychologists
B. anthropologists
C. sociologists
D. psychiatrists   
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Learning Objective: 01-06 Social Policy throughout the World
Schaefer - Chapter 01 #89
  90. Sociology is the systematic study of social behaviour and the study of individual personality differences. 
FALSE   
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Bloom's: Remember
Learning Objective: 01-01 What Is Sociology?
Schaefer - Chapter 01 #90
  91. An effective sociological theory may have both explanatory and predictive power. 
TRUE   
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Bloom's: Remember
Learning Objective: 01-02 What Is Sociological Theory?
Schaefer - Chapter 01 #91
  92. Herbert Spencer suggested that sociologists should be highly critical of the status quo and should work actively for social change. 
FALSE   
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Bloom's: Remember
Learning Objective: 01-03 How Did Sociology Develop?
Schaefer - Chapter 01 #92
  93. Karl Marx saw the factory as the centre of conflict between society's exploiters and its exploited masses. 
TRUE   
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Learning Objective: 01-03 How Did Sociology Develop?
Schaefer - Chapter 01 #93
  94. In the middle of the twentieth century, the focus of sociology shifted from theorizing and information gathering to a more active interest in transforming society. 
FALSE   
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Learning Objective: 01-03 How Did Sociology Develop?
Schaefer - Chapter 01 #94
  95. One of Robert Merton's most significant contributions to sociology was the attempt to merge the micro-level and macro-level approaches to the study of society. 
TRUE   
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Learning Objective: 01-03 How Did Sociology Develop?
Schaefer - Chapter 01 #95
  96. Describe what C. Wright Mills meant by the term "sociological imagination."  Answers will vary.   
Bloom's: Understand
Learning Objective: 01-01 What Is Sociology?
Schaefer - Chapter 01 #96
  97. Discuss what separates sociology from common sense. Be sure to give some examples of how sociological research might dispel commonly a