BIOS255 Week 3 Cardiovascular System - Blood Vessels Lab Report

BIOS255 Week 3 Cardiovascular System - Blood Vessels Lab Report. Briefly discuss the procedure for this lab. • The procedure for this lab is to go through each section under the names cardiovascular system, blood vessels, blood flow and pressure, circulatory pathways, vessels of the trunk, vessels of the head and neck and lastly vessels of the limbs section. Within each section a small quiz will be given to help you better understand each topic. 3. Data and Details: a. Describe the different types of blood vessels by completing the following chart: Blood vessel Description/special characteristics Function Large arteries Large artery is known as the aorta which is connected to the heart's left ventricle. Carry blood away from the heart. Medium arteries Can be identified as a muscular artery. draws blood from an elastic artery and branches into "resistance vessels" including small arteries and arterioles. Arterioles A small branch of an artery leading into capillaries. Distribute blood to capillary beds, the sites of exchange with the body tissues. Capillaries Branching blood vessels that form a network between the arterioles and venules. Exchange of materials between the blood and tissue cells Venules A very small vein that collects blood from the capillaries. Allows deoxygenated blood to return from capillary beds to larger blood vessels called veins. BIOS255 Week 3 Cardiovascular System Blood Vessels Medium veins medium veins contain valves, small extensions or infoldings of the tunica interna into the lumen, creating flap-like cusps; around 1 cm in diameter. The valves function to boost venous return by preventing back flow of blood due to gravity. Large veins They have a thick tunica externa, similar to that of medium veins, but they lack valves. Large veins drain from their tributaries into the heart. b. Identify the 3 major layers of tissue that compose the wall of a blood vessel. • The 3 major layers of tissue that compose the wall of a blood vessel is the tunica intima, tunica media, and tunica externa. c. Identify the 4 parts of the aorta in the order that blood flows from the heart. • The 4 parts of the aorta that flows from the heart is the ascending aorta, the aortic arch, the thoracic (descending) aorta and the abdominal aorta. d. Identify the location of the origin of the left and right coronary arteries. • The location of the left and right coronary artery is in the root of the aorta. e. Identify the major artery that supplies blood to the head and neck. Which division of this artery supplies the head, and which division supplies the face? • The major artery that supplies blood to the head and neck is the common carotid artery. The division that supplies the head is called the internal carotid artery and the division that supplies the face is the external carotid artery. 4. Questions: BIOS255 Week 3 Cardiovascular System Blood Vessels a. Compare the blood pressure of a small artery to the blood pressure in a vein. • The blood pressure in a vein is lower in arterial pressure and the blood pressure of a small artery relates to high blood pressure. b. When a fall in arterial pressure is detected by baroreceptors, how does the cardiovascular center alter the parasympathetic and sympathetic stimulation of the sinoatrial (SA) node? • The cardiovascular center reduces parasympathetic vagal stimulation to the sinoatrial node. At the same time, sympathetic stimulation, through cardiac accelerator nerves, is increased. c. How does an increase in blood viscosity affect blood pressure? • With a higher blood viscosity there is a greater resistance, thus blood pressure is higher. d. Trace a drop of blood from the heart to the top of the foot by naming the blood vessels from the aorta to the artery that can be felt on the top of the foot (dorsalis pedis artery)