School Counseling - Exam 1

School Counseling - Exam 1 Professional Counseling - ANSWER-• Process of: o Establishing a relationship to identify people's needs o Designing strategies and services to satisfy needs o Actively assisting in carrying out plans to help people make decisions, solve problems, develop self-awareness and lead healthier lives. Services of Counselors - ANSWER-• Aimed at preventing problems • Focus on developmental issues (The cognitive development of a child is most important in counseling) • Address critical concerns that may be a threat to individual's emotional, social, & psychological well-being • In schools, services are offered within a comprehensive school counseling program (determines what all students, Pre- K -12, should know and understand in academic, personal/social, and career) o Developmental activities - part of broad curriculum o Direct counseling relationships Historical Overview of Counseling - ANSWER-• Priests • Clifford Beers - A Mind That Found Itself o Psychopathic hosptials o Forerunner of today's mental-health programs • 1909 - Child Guidance Clinics - Chicago, IL - William and Mary Heely o Physically ill children in slums o Juvenile Psychopathic Institute o Beginning of 20th century over 100 child guidance clinics in U.S. • Emergence of several professions (social work, psychologists and counselors) • What differentiates these professions and establishes particular identities? - the setting of their work, needs of individuals, developmental concerns of those served • What differentiates the practice of school counselors within the field? --the developmental level of students, broad goals are similar across grade levels, but objectives will be different. Jesse B. Davis - ANSWER-systematic guidance program in public schools (principal who had English teachers have their students write about their vocational interests) Eli Weaver - ANSWER-Boys High School-Brooklyn Anna Reed - ANSWER-Guidance programs in Seattle Frank Parsons - ANSWER-• Frank Parsons - "Father of Guidance" book-Choosing a Vocation • Parsons - Three essential factors for choosing vocation: o 1) Clear understanding of aptitudes, abilities, interests, resources, and limitations (assessment) Continues...