Nr293 pharm workbook exam 3 answers chamberlain college of nursing

Nr293 pharm workbook exam 3 answers chamberlain college of nursingPharmacology Workbook: NR293 Course NR293: Pharmacology-ANSWER KEY Exam Exam 3: Week 7 Key Concepts Chapters Student Notes Antihistamines, Decongestants, Antitussives, and Expectorants Chapter 36 Adrenergics (sympathomimetics) Anticholinergics (parasympatholytics) Decongestants Expectorants Antihistamines antiitussive Nonsedating antihistamines (nonsedating) Upper respiratory tract infection (URI): “The inflammatory response elicited by viruses stimulates excessive mucus production. This fluid drips behind the nose, down the pharynx, and into the esophagus and lower respiratory tract, which leads to symptoms typical of a cold: Irritation of the nasal mucosa often triggers the sneeze reflex and also causes the release of several inflammatory and vasoactive substances, which results in the dilation of the small blood vessels in the nasal sinuses and leads to nasal congestion. Treatment of the common symptoms of URI involves the combined use of antihistamines, nasal decongestants, antitussives, and expectorants. OTC cold products should not be given to children younger than 2 years of age. This followed numerous case reports of symptoms such as over-sedation, seizures, tachycardia, and even death in toddlers. There is also evidence that such medications are simply not effective in small children, and parents are advised to consult their pediatrician. Many antihistamines, nasal decongestants, antitussives, and expectorants are available without prescription. Herbal products commonly used for colds are echinacea and goldenseal. There is limited research data regarding the efficacy of herbal products, and some can have significant drug-drug or drug-disease interactions” (Lilley, Collins, & Snyder, 2014, p. 576) Name of drug: Diphenhydramine Loratadine, Cetirizine, Fexofenadine Drug Class & Indication(s) First generation antihistamine/ Second-generation antihistamines (“non-sedating”) Contraindications Acute asthma/COPD exacerbation Acute asthma/COPD exacerbation Common Adverse Effects Major Interactions (ex. CYP450) *Diphenhydramine: increased CNS depression: with: + Alcohol, CNS depressants + MAOI’s Generally, effect of antihistamines potentiated by apple, grapefruit, orange juice and St. John’s Wort Loratidine levels increase with: + Ketoconazole + Cimetidine + Erythromycin & Phenytoin FENOFEXADINE-CYP450!! Monitor closely for drug interactions with this med: Fenofexadine levels increase with: + Erythromycin and other CYP450 inhibitors + Phenytoin Nurse Considerations: (Examples: Age, renal/hepatic *Sedating: avoid activities that require alertness (driving, etc) *If treating allergic rhinitis, best to take before allergy symptoms occur H