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Samenvatting Hartfalen en longaandoeningen

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samenvatting college hartfalen en longaandoeningen

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Hartfalen en longaandoeningen

Ouderen zijn onderhevig aan veranderde presentatie van ziekten
- Leeftijd gerelateerd aandoeningen
- Veranderd fysiologisch systeem
- Symptomen zijn anders
- Toename complicaties
- Belevingswereld is anders
- Reservecapaciteit is minder
- Gevoeligheid medicatie is anders




Hartveroudering
Sclerose
- Verharden van het endocardium (littekenweefsel)
Fibrose
- Bindweefselvorming van de hartkleppen
Atrofie van het hartspierweefsel
Hypertrofie van het linkerventrikel (bindweefselverdikking)
 Elasticiteit van hartwand en bloedvaten neemt af
o Slagvolume is lager
o Efficiëntie neemt af
o Verhoogde perifere weerstand
o Geleidingsstoornissen
o Verhoogde systolische druk

Slagvolume= hoeveelheid bloed gestuwd door 1 ventrikel tijdens 1 hartslag
Hartminuutvolume= slagvolume x hartfrequentie (cardiale output)

, Bloedvaten
- Afname gladspierweefsel
- Toename littekenweefsel
- Verhoogd cholesterol (LDL) low density lipoproteïnen
- Plaque vorming (artherosclerose)
- Verhoogde perifere weerstand
- Verhoogde systolische bloeddruk

Artherosclerose
- Beschadiging endotheel wand
- Littekenvorming
- Afzetting LDL
- Macrofagen worden actief -> verteren LDL -> foamy cellen
- Neerslaan calciumionen en trombocyten in het bloedvat (trekken bloedplaatjes aan)

Baro receptoren
- Aanpassen van de bloeddruk en bloedvolume
- Bloedvoorziening perifere weefsels
- Baroreceptoren in de a. carotis interna
o Bloedvoorziening naar de hersenen
Bij ouderen zijn de receptoren in hoeveelheid verminderd en zijn ze minder gevoelig->
herseninfarct

Sinuscarotisreflex -> aanpassen van de bloeddruk

Hartveroudering
- Hartritme stoornis of geleidingsstoornis
- Verhoogde systolische druk
- Coronaire atherosclerose
- Hypertrofie linker ventrikel
- Verlaagde cardiale output
- Verminderde weefsel doorbloeding
- Verharding (fibrose) kleppen
- Hypertensie
- Ischemie in weefsel

Hartfalen bij ouderen
Rechtszijdig hartfalen
- Vochtretentie in het lichaam
o Veneuze terugstroom is afgenomen
o Veneuze stuwing
o Vocht blijft in lichaam -> oedeem
o Onderste ledematen
o Organen als lever, nieren en spijsvertering

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Written in
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