COGNITIVE BEHAVIOR THERAPY FINAL EXAM 2023

What are the 4 prominent cognitive-behavioral approaches? - 1. Rational Emotive Behavioral Therapy 2. Cognitive Therapy 3. Strengths-Based CBT 4. Cognitive Behavior Therapy Who developed Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT)? - Albert Ellis (1955) Who developed Cognitive Therapy (CT)? - Aaron T. Beck and Judith Beck Who developed Strengths-Based CBT (SB-CBT)? - Christine Padesky Who developed Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT)? - Donald Meichenbaum What is REBT? - A theory based on the assumption that cognitions, emotions, & behaviors interact significantly and have a cause-effect relationship. This is a holistic & integrative approach that states people contribute to their own psychological problems or specific symptoms. People contribute to their own __________ __________ as well as to specific symptoms, by the rigid and extreme __________ they hold about events and situations. - psychological problems, beliefs Their are three beliefs that lead to self-defeat: - 1. I must do well and be loved and approved by others 2. other people must treat me fairly, kindly and well 3. The world and my living conditions must be comfortable, gratifying and just, providing me with what I want in life. The ABC framework: - A: ACTIVATING an event/adversity B: BELIEF about "A" C: emotional and behavioral CONSEQUENCE/reaCtion of the individual The individual's belief leads to the ________ __________ - emotional reaction We are responsible for our own _________ ___________ (reactions). - emotional destiny Key words/phrases Ellis looks to as demands and commands: - "shoulds" "musts" "oughts" What comes after the client comes in with the "ABC" model? - D & E D & E stand for... - D: DISPUTING irrational beliefs through detecting, debating, and discriminating. E: creating a new and EFFECTIVE philosophy/belief system Therapeutic goals for REBT - -minimize emotional disturbances and self-defeating behaviors by acquiring a more realistic and compassionate philosophy of life -help clients differentiate between realistic and unrealistic goals -assist clients to achieve Unconditional Self-Acceptance (USA), Unconditional Other-Acceptance (USO) and Unconditional Life-Acceptance (ULA) Therapist's function and role in REBT (4 steps): - 1. identify client's irrational beliefs and absolutes & disputes them 2. demonstrate how clients are keeping their emotional disturbance active by continuing to think illogically. 3. help clients change their thinking and minimize their irrational ideas 4. encourage clients to develop a rational philosophy of life **question beliefs** Client's REBT experience - -focus on present experiences -actively working in and out of therapy sessions -homework assignment completion and is checked by therapist -transference is not encouraged -end of therapy focuses on progress review, making plans and identifying strategies to prevent or cope with challenges REBT relationship between therapist and client: - -collaborative -psychoeducational -insight+ACTION -warmth not required but will enhance the process -demystifies the therapeutic process -unconditional acceptance of client and teach client USA, UOA, ULA How is REBT applied? - The use of different modalities (cognitive, emotive, behavioral and interpersonal) to dispel self-defeating cognitions and to teach people how to acquire a rational approach to living. Cognitive methods used in REBT: - -disputing irrational beliefs -cognitive HW -bibliotherapy -change of language -psychoeducational methods Emotive Techniques used in REBT: - -rational emotive imagery (vividly imagining and describing feeling in a situation to train healthy emotions) -humor -role-playing -shame-attacking exercises (show clients its ok to be embarrassed) Behavioral Techniques used in REBT: - -operant conditioning -self management -systematic desensitization -relaxation techniques -modeling -behavioral hw REBT as a brief therapy - this was developed to make psychotherapy more efficient... it is a good brief therapy b/c clients learn self-therapy thechniques to apply to present and future problems Beck created an evidence-based therapy for depression and he tested each theoretical construct _______ _________ ___________ and ___________ ___________ ___________ _________ to determine how CT's outcomes compared with other psychosocial treatments and medications. - with empirical studies, conducted controlled outcome studies Evidence-supported CT approaches were developed for many disorders including: - depression panic disorder social anxiety phobias PTSD schizophrenia and more Beck's original research showed depressed clients had a ____________ ____ (cognitive distortions). He did not think this is the sole reason for depression where __________ did. - negative bias, Ellis The cognitive triad: - Negative thoughts about... -self (self-criticism) -world (pessimism) -future (hopelessness) The cognitive triad ____________ depression, even if it was not the cause. - maintained Three main assumptions of CT are: - 1. that people's thought processes are accessible to introspection 2. that people's beliefs have highly personal meanings 3. that people can discover the meanings themselves rather than the therapist The generic cognitive model: - a comprehensive framework for understanding psychological distress (7 principles): 1. psych. distress thought of as exaggeration of normal human functioning 2. cognitive distortions as a primary cause of exaggerations 3. beliefs play a major role in determining the psych. distress we experience 4. empirical support that changes in beliefs lead to changes in emotion and behaviors 5. is beliefs are not modified, clinical conditions are likely to reoccur Cognitive distortions - thinking about things in erroneous or distorted ways Arbitrary inferences - (type of cognitive distortion) conclusions drawn without supporting evidence ex: catastrophizing or thinking of the worst case scenario of most situations Overgeneralization - (type of cognitive distortion) process of holding extreme beliefs on the bases of a single incident and applying them inappropriately to dissimilar events or settings Dichotomous thinking - (type of cognitive distortion) a cognitive error that involves categorizing experiences in either-or extremes (all or none thinking) What are the basic principles of CT: - Psychological problems are seen as an exaggeration of adaptive responses resulting from commonplace cognitive disorders. Insight focused. Pyschoeducational. Highly collaborative. Goal is to learn practical skills to make changes and sustain these changes. Socratic dialogue. Homework assignments. Behavioral experiments. Focused on the present. Past only brought in when therapist deems necessary. Goals: symptom relief, assist clients in resolving most pressing problems, changing beliefs and behaviors that maintain problems, and teaching clients skills that serve as relapse prevention