AP Bio Unit 2 Vocab Exam Questions with 100% Correct Answers

Prokaryote Correct Answer a single-celled organism that does not have a nucleus or membrane-bound organelles; examples are archaea and bacteria Eukaryote Correct Answer a cell that contains a nucleus and membrane bound organelles Plasma Membrane Correct Answer thin flexible barrier that regulates what enters and exits the cell; composed of two layers of lipids (bilayer) Cytoplasm/cytosol Correct Answer a jellylike fluid inside the cell in which the organelles are suspended; region of the cell between the cell membrane and the nucleus Nuclear envelope Correct Answer layer of two membranes that surrounds the nucleus of a cell Nuclear Lamina Correct Answer a netlike array of protein filaments lining the inner surface of the nuclear envelope; it helps maintain the shape of the nucleus. Chromatin Correct Answer combination of DNA and protein molecules, in the form of long, thin fibers, making up the genetic material in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell Nucleolus Correct Answer organelle where ribosomes are made, synthesized and partially assembled, located in the nucleus Endomembrane system Correct Answer the collection of membranes inside and around a eukaryotic cell, related either through direct physical contact or by the transfer of membranous vesicles Endoplasmic reticulum Correct Answer an extensive membranous network in eukaryotic cells, continuous with the outer nuclear membrane and composed of ribosome-studded (rough) and ribosome-free (smooth) regions. Glycoproteins Correct Answer proteins that have carbohydrates covalently attached to them (carbohydrate "flag" or name-tag; lock-key) Golgi apparatus Correct Answer stack of membranes in the cell that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum ("corrupt fed-ex") Lysosome Correct Answer membrane-bound sac containing hydrolytic enzymes that can break down proteins, nucleic acids, and polysaccharides (suicide sacs)