CPH Full Study Guide 100 Questions with Verified Answers,100% CORRECT

CPH Full Study Guide 100 Questions with Verified Answers Select the qualitative method that collects data through a simultaneous conversation with a group of people. informant interviews urse analysis ys groups - CORRECT ANSWER groups A district health department is trying to decide whether to invest in interpretation services and translated materials to address local language barriers, address needs of limited English proficient (LEP) clients and meet Federal requirements. The Four Factor Analysis-to guide LHDs in meeting these mandates and to provide recommendations for providing translated materials and interpretation services- is part of a 1.National Standards for Culturally and Linguistically Appropriate Services (CLAS) Assessment 2.Language Needs Assessment 3.Health Resource Access Assessment 4.Community Literacy Assessment - CORRECT ANSWER 2.Language Needs Assessment Waiting until a program or intervention is complete to begin evaluation activities misses important and valuable opportunities for what type of evaluation? 1.Outcome and impact evaluation 2.Summative evaluation 3.Process evaluation 4.Participant evaluation - CORRECT ANSWER 3.Process evaluation Total coliform and E. coli counts are performed in routine monitoring of drinking water reservoirs because: 1.These bacteria commonly cause gastrointestinal infection in humans. 2.They are a more easily grown indicator of Legionella spp. contamination. 3.Outdated laws require heterotrophic plate count monitoring of water. 4.Their numbers give general indication of a water supply's sanitary condition. - CORRECT ANSWER 4.Their numbers give general indication of a water supply's sanitary condition. The logic model that has been the dominant paradigm representing types of information that may be collected to draw inferences about quality of care provided by a healthcare system has been: 1.Donabedian's model 2.Shewart's PDCA 3.Theory of Change 4.Web of Causation - CORRECT ANSWER 1.Donabedian's model The difference between primary and secondary prevention of disease is: 1.Primary prevention focuses on control of causal factors, while secondary prevention focuses on control of symptoms 2.Primary prevention focuses on control of acute disease, while secondary prevention focuses on control of chronic disease 3.Primary prevention focuses on control of causal factors, while secondary prevention focuses on early detection and treatment of disease 4.Primary prevention focuses on increasing resistance to disease, while secondary prevention focuses on decreasing exposure to disease - CORRECT ANSWER 3.Primary prevention focuses on control of causal factors, while secondary prevention focuses on early detection and treatment of disease A case-control study reported an odds ratio of approximately 50 for the relationship of microcephaly to congenital Zika virus infection. This evidence for causality is called: 1.Strength of Association 2.Consistency 3.Temporality 4.Biological Gradient - CORRECT ANSWER 1.Strength of Association Can federal environmental laws allow States to make parallel environmental laws? 1.Yes, if more stringent than federal standards 2.Yes, if less stringent than federal standards 3.Yes, if no less stringent than federal standards 4.No, states may not make their own environmental laws where federal laws exist - CORRECT ANSWER 3.Yes, if no less stringent than federal standards New to your leadership position, you realize that two of the programs you manage have similar functions, and work with the same population in the same area. Data trends over the past 5 years suggest that the health condition has improved significantly. You decide that only one program is needed to provide the necessary services to the community. This is an example of: 1.An analysis to justify and allocate resources 2.Applying a health equity and social justice lens 3.Strategic planning 4.Community Health Needs Assessment - CORRECT ANSWER 1.An analysis to justify and allocate resources Which of these has been defined as a core function of public health? 1.Maintaining the census to define populations 2.Consulting stakeholders to decide what best serves public interest 3.Conducting research to solve all population health problems 4.Acting in an ethical manner - CORRECT ANSWER 2.Consulting stakeholders to decide what best serves public interest Drug therapy for individuals who have screened positive for tuberculosis (TB) infection, but do not have any TB symptoms, is considered which type of prevention for TB disease? 1.Primary 2.Secondary 3.Tertiary 4.Quaternary - CORRECT ANSWER 2.Secondary An anti-vaccine group is pressuring government to stop requiring vaccination of children because the disease incidence rate has become very low. The health department is defending the vaccination stance and looking for a way to explain this to legislators. In terms of systems theory, the relationship over time between required vaccination and decrease in incidence rate is a: 1.Positive feedback loop 2.Outflow effect 3.Negative feedback loop 4.Inflow effect - CORRECT ANSWER 3.Negative feedback loop Which of the following processes from the Transtheoretical Model refers to substituting healthy behaviors for unhealthy ones? 1.Stimulus control 2.Consciousness raising 3.Reinforcement management 4.Counter-conditioning - CORRECT ANSWER 4.Counter-conditioning Exposures to negative situations such as a parent who smokes, sedentary lifestyle, high levels of alcohol consumption, and unprotected sex can increase the likelihood of developing disease or injury and poor health outcomes. Such exposures are often referred to as: 1.Risk factors 2.Environmental factors 3.Socioeconomic factors 4.Community factors - CORRECT ANSWER 1.Risk factors A key characteristic of action research or community based participatory research (CBPR) include: 1.Securing local community IRB approvals for the project and informed consent 2.Embracing the community as a full and equal research partner 3.Presenting a well thought out research and analysis plan to the community 4.Partnering with law makers to ensure health improvements in the community - CORRECT ANSWER 2.Embracing the community as a full and equal research partner Which of the following water-borne disease organisms is very difficult to kill by chemical disinfection of drinking and/or recreational water supply systems and has caused major US disease outbreaks? 1.Vibrio cholerae (causes cholera) 2.Cryptosporidium (causes Cryptosporidiosis) 3.Giardia lamblia (causes Giardiasis) 4.Escherichia coli (causes acute gastroenteritis) - CORRECT ANSWER 2.Cryptosporidium (causes Cryptosporidiosis) Which of the following pairs of values are most likely to conflict during a response to a public health emergency? 1.Truth-telling versus community welfare 2.Beneficence versus justice 3.Individual autonomy versus community welfare 4.Community welfare versus justice - CORRECT ANSWER 3.Individual autonomy versus community welfare Based upon experience of the most successful and visionary organizations, for a new program what is the most important step in building an effective staff? 1.Hire people who fit the culture of the program. 2.Consistent disciplinary action to shape team performance. 3.Regularly scheduled extra-curricular team-building retreats. 4.Very detailed policy and procedure manuals. - CORRECT ANSWER 1.Hire people who fit the culture of the program. Which of the following best characterizes the contingency theory of leadership? 1.The leader's authority is contingent upon subordinates 2.The leader's effectiveness depends upon factors in the leadership context 3.The leader's effectiveness depends upon the technical competency of staff 4.The leader's authority is contingent upon formal rules and sanctions - CORRECT ANSWER 2.The leader's effectiveness depends upon factors in the leadership context The primary disadvantage of incremental program budgeting is: 1.It makes comparison from one year to the next difficult 2.It requires the justification of all dollars allocated 3.It requires far more time and effort than zero-based budgeting (ZBB) 4.It may not reflect the current programmatic priorities of the organization - CORRECT ANSWER 4.It may not reflect the current programmatic priorities of the organization In the design and implementation of public health data systems, installing security features should be: ent in privacy by design at all stages. 2.a task separately done by an expert cybersecurity team. ed to firewalls and administrative control. final step before release of software systems. - CORRECT ANSWER ent in privacy by design at all stages. Using a qualitative evaluation method would be most useful in which of the following scenarios? The researcher is: rily concerned with the generalizability of the results. ested in capturing the context of program participation and the participants' stories. rned with ease of analysis and interpretation of data ring outcomes for a group participating in a program to the outcomes for a similar group not receiving the program - CORRECT ANSWER ested in capturing the context of program participation and the participants' stories. Which of the following is defined as a community's ability to survive, adapt and thrive? 1.Community capital 2.Community development 3.Community organization 4.Community capacity - CORRECT ANSWER 4.Community capacity In a state with a state-directed public health organization, the State Commissioner of Health has notified health districts to close health department dental programs in response to a state legislature vote to defund and discontinue health department dental services. The district health department has identified dental services as a leading community health need. To help assure continued access to services, the best first step is to: op a list of possible service venues and proposals to secure financial support, and present them to the Commissioner's office. op agreements with local providers or organizations for the provision of dental services. 3.Continue the dental program in-house at the local health department, since it was already financially sustainable and heavily utilized. e implementation of contracts and other agreements with community partners to provide community dental services. - CORRECT ANSWER op a list of possible service venues and proposals to secure financial support, and present them to the Commissioner's office. An incremental approach to program planning in public health: 1.Uses multiple sources and methods to collect similar information 2.Provides an intensive, detailed description and analysis of a single project 3.Produces a plan where the specification of every step depends upon the results of previous steps 4.Results in plans that may be immediately necessary but may overlap or leave gaps - CORRECT ANSWER 4.Results in plans that may be immediately necessary but may overlap or leave gaps When comparing dichotomous variables with less than five expected observations per cell, the correct statistical test would be a: 1.t-test sum test 3.Fisher's Exact test 4.Chi-square test - CORRECT ANSWER 3.Fisher's Exact test Which of the following evaluates asymmetry in a distribution? 1.Skew 2.Range 3.Confidence interval 4.Kurtosis - CORRECT ANSWER 1.Skew Which of the following statements is true about public health surveillance data? 1.They cannot be used to detect geographical clusters 2.They include information on health outcomes, but not exposures or risk factors 3.They only include data pertaining to vaccine-related diseases 4.They can be used to monitor temporal trends in disease - CORRECT ANSWER 4.They can be used to monitor temporal trends in disease What is the usual statistical distribution used in carrying out a comparison of means from 3 normally distributed independent populations? 1.An F-distribution provided all samples are the same size. 2.An F-distribution provided all populations have the same variance. 3.Three t-distributions comparing each group with the other two groups. 4.A chi-square distribution provided all samples are the same size - CORRECT ANSWER 2.An F-distribution provided all populations have the same variance. When setting goals and objectives, it is important that they are considered "SMART". The S in SMART stands for: 1.Scientific 2.Socially Significant 3.Statistically Significant 4.Specific - CORRECT ANSWER 4.Specific After reviewing evidence demonstrating increased survival of narcotic self-overdose after immediate naloxone administration, the State Commissioner of Health issues the following standing order: "This order authorizes pharmacists who maintain a current active license practicing in a pharmacy located in Virginia that maintains a current active pharmacy permit to dispense one of the following naloxone formulations (notes intranasal or autoinject kits options), in accordance the current Board of Pharmacy-approved protocol." "The State Good Samaritan Act states in part that any person who, in good faith prescribes, dispenses, or administers naloxone or other opioid antagonist used for overdose reversal in an emergency to an individual who is believed to be experiencing or about to experience a life-threatening opiate overdose shall not be liable for any civil damages for ordinary negligence in acts or omissions resulting from the rendering of such treatment if acting in accordance with the Good Samaritan Act or in his role as a member of an emergency medical services agency." This order demonstrates: 1.Secondary Prevention and Harm Prevention Strategy 2.Secondary Prevention and Harm Reduction Strategy 3.Tertiary Prevention and Harm Reduction Strategy 4.Tertiary Prevention and Harm Prevention Strategy - CORRECT ANSWER 3.Tertiary Prevention and Harm Reduction Strategy In environmental public health, the latent period refers to: 1.The range of concentrations of a chemical that is below threshold 2.The period of time between exposure to a chemical and occurrence of a health outcome 3.The period of time required to remove half of the dose of a chemical from the body 4.The period of time between contact with a chemical and an increase in blood concentration - CORRECT ANSWER 2.The period of time between exposure to a chemical and occurrence of a health outcome Over the history of the HIV infection pandemic, in its initial phase, transmission in populations started with a sharp rise through homosexual male-male intercourse and in its late phase the steepest rise tended to be through: 1.Homosexual male-male intercourse 2.Homosexual female-female intercourse 3.Heterosexual male-female intercourse 4.Transfusion of contaminated blood - CORRECT ANSWER 3.Heterosexual male-female intercourse A management/leadership theory which posits that when staff are able to grow and develop staff performance results are better, is an example of: 1.Situational Leadership Theory 2.Douglas McGregor Theory Y 3.Contingency Leadership Theory (CLT) 4.Path-goal Theory - CORRECT ANSWER 2.Douglas McGregor Theory Y Which of the following statements best characterizes research findings about trait-based approaches to leadership theory? 1.Intelligence, high energy, and initiative are necessary 2.Personality traits are irrelevant 3.No one set of traits has been established as necessary 4.Leaders are born, not made - CORRECT ANSWER 3.No one set of traits has been established as necessary Administrative law judges, who adjudicate conflicts involving the decision-making of units of government agencies: at the federal and state level full judicial power, like all trial judges. elected as non-partisan candidates within congressional districts. e compliance with constitutional requirements of due process. in all respects the same as "hearing officers" within government agencies. - CORRECT ANSWER e compliance with constitutional requirements of due process. To help lay, professional and policy audiences understand the rationale for a program proposal, it is best to: de everyone with the same report, written in plain language aimed for a Grade 10 reading level. nize that policy or professional audiences prefer to see benefit or risk projections as ratios, lay audiences prefer them expressed as number-needed-to-treat or harm. nt a comprehensive literature review, summarize all the numbers in one table and let the facts speak for themselves. r expression of need or gap, logic model of intervention, and expression of magnitude of anticipated benefit or harm to each audience. - CORRECT ANSWER r expression of need or gap, logic model of intervention, and expression of magnitude of anticipated benefit or harm to each audience. When planning print materials for a public health education program, you should always: 1.Develop materials at least a 12th grade reading level 2.Work with an experienced graphic designer 3.Test them with members of the intended audience 4.Use the largest print possible - CORRECT ANSWER 3.Test them with members of the intended audience A distinctive foundation of the Comprehensive Unit-based Safety Program (CUSP) developed at Johns Hopkins and promoted by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality creates a culture of safety by focusing on: ting and reporting sentinel events attitudes and mutual respect standardized checklists ing professional expertise - CORRECT ANSWER attitudes and mutual respect In the funding applications that state public health departments typically submit every year, program and organizational budget requests: not included, only research project funding is described. justified by reasonable numbers on accounting spreadsheets. explanation in a budget narrative. to always be funded. - CORRECT ANSWER explanation in a budget narrative. HACCP is a food safety system employed to: 1.Detect bacterial contamination in food after it happens 2.Identify and control problems that may cause foodborne illness before they happen 3.Isolate and identify bacterial pathogens from a foodborne illness outbreak 4.Set temperature limits for food containing eggs - CORRECT ANSWER 2.Identify and control problems that may cause foodborne illness before they happen May government employees use the government room rate offered by hotels if they are on a personal rather than a business trip? 1.Yes, being a government employee one always is eligible to accept hotels' government rates regardless. 2.Yes, hotels and government agencies generally maintain a "don't ask, don't tell" position on this question. 3.Yes, if the hotel offers this rate to all government officials traveling on official business or not. 4.Yes, if the hotel offers it to you specifically by name. - CORRECT ANSWER 3.Yes, if the hotel offers this rate to all government officials traveling on official business or not. Case-control studies are among the best observational designs to study diseases of: 1.High prevalence 2.High mortality 3.Low case fatality 4.Low prevalence - CORRECT ANSWER 4.Low prevalence Public health departments can use health profession students (eg. medicine, nursing, other allied health specialties) in projects to assess community health needs: those students are formally employed by that health department under a national fellowship program that puts selected applicants into mentorship placements. ded the students interview but do not take clinical measurements or samples from individuals. supervised by their clinical instructors in actions within the scope of that profession's practice. this is not often done because the health department would be responsible for all supervision and liability. - CORRECT ANSWER supervised by their clinical instructors in actions within the scope of that profession's practice. this is not often done The first step in the policy process typically is: 1.Undertake Consultation 2.Problem definition 3.Policy analysis op options and proposals - CORRECT ANSWER 2.Problem definition After identifying and appointing expert members to inter-professional teams for implementing health initiatives, the administration: shifted all responsibility to the team. should only consist of receiving periodic progress reports. d plan to confirm the team norms and dynamics are productive. announce that the initiative was successfully launched. - CORRECT ANSWER d plan to confirm the team norms and dynamics are productive. An individual's capacity to obtain, process, and understand basic health information and services needed to make basic health decisions is called: 1.Medical informatics 2.Health literacy 3.Health education 4.Numeracy - CORRECT ANSWER 2.Health literacy Activists criticized America's public health policy response during initial years of its AIDS epidemic on the grounds that: 1.Absence of universal health care insurance prevented victims from accessing expensive treatment 2.Government indifference and political infighting resulted in apathy toward a suffering gay community. 3.Too much money was being spent on treatment, not enough on prevention to stop the epidemic. 4.Too much resource was being spent on urging people to change risk behaviors, not enough on medication. - CORRECT ANSWER 2.Government indifference and political infighting resulted in apathy toward a suffering gay community. Ethical standards apply to government officers and employees. For such individuals, these standards apply: during their normal working hours. when performing official duties regardless of time. they identify themselves with their official title. all times, whether they are on or off duty. - CORRECT ANSWER all times, whether they are on or off duty. Generally, the largest single component in most public health budgets, and therefore the one with which managers must be most familiar is: ter software and hardware aceuticals nnel falls - CORRECT ANSWER nnel Social marketing is the use of marketing principles to influence human behavior in order to improve health. Which one below is NOT one of the 4 P's of social marketing? 1.Price 2.Promotion 3.Place 4.Process - CORRECT ANSWER 4.Process The Dartmouth Atlas of Healthcare demonstrates that small area variations in Medicare expenditures across geographic areas are primarily attributable to differences in: 1.Physician practice styles 2.Consumer preferences for high-cost services 3.Age of the population served 4.Health status of the population served - CORRECT ANSWER 1.Physician practice styles What level of government typically provides the oversight and guidance to prioritize public health needs and resources that focuses program planning and evaluation? 1.Public Health Department Program Management 2.Public Health Department chief executive officer 3.Board of Health 4.Legislature - CORRECT ANSWER 3.Board of Health A doctor would like to estimate a patients' weight based on their age and sex. Age and sex are known as? 1.Response variables 2.Dependent variables 3.Outcome variables 4.Independent variables - CORRECT ANSWER 4.Independent variables Public Health law fundamentally attempts to balance the greater good of the community with... cost of implementation of the law acceptability of interventions autonomy of the individual ease of enforcement - CORRECT ANSWER autonomy of the individual Biological, environmental, behavioral, organizational, political, and social factors that contribute to the health status of individuals, groups, and communities are commonly referred to as: 1.Health behavior factors 2.Risk markers 3.Needs assessment 4.Determinants of health - CORRECT ANSWER 4.Determinants of health CHIP is a federal program that has been important for public health because: 1.It remedies the state differences in health insurance that characterize Medicaid 2.It covers preventive services for children who otherwise might not have access to them 3.It provides block grant funding that supports state public health programs 4.It increases funding for school health initiatives - CORRECT ANSWER 2.It covers preventive services for children who otherwise might not have access to them Public Health professionals have to learn to work effectively with the media. Public health is potentially appealing for the popular press because: stories have urgency, drama and novelty. is a source rich in detail, facts and figures. tists and journalists have a long history of mutual trust. c information officers issue press releases. - CORRECT ANSWER stories have urgency, drama and novelty. Which of the following principles of medical and public health ethics requires doing no harm while promoting the welfare of others? 1.Autonomy 2.Beneficence 3.Privacy 4.Justice - CORRECT ANSWER 2.Beneficence To work effectively, a public health specialist should be able to meet the social, cultural and linguistic needs of individuals within the community. This is termed cultural: ness tence bility res - CORRECT ANSWER tence Which statement best describes the role of public health professionals in government employ with respect to authoring manuscripts about their work for publication in peer-review journals? 1.Since, as government employees, they cannot sign copyright releases to publishers they cannot submit manuscripts as authors. 2.The role of government health departments does not include research nor writing for journals. 3.Conflict of interest and ethics rules allow public health department employees to write for government publications but not for-profit journals. 4.It is challenging to find the time and gain necessary internal clearances, but sharing lessons learned through such publication is an important aspect of professionalism. - CORRECT ANSWER 4.It is challenging to find the time and gain necessary internal clearances, but sharing lessons learned through such publication is an important aspect of professionalism. The most important reason for reduced mortality during the initial stage of a demographic/epidemiologic transition in a population is: 1.Increased use of antibiotics 2.Improved sanitation 3.Increased immunization 4.Screening for common infectious diseases - CORRECT ANSWER 2.Improved sanitation A linear regression model is estimated to understand the variation in flu vaccine coverage rates in the 88 counties of Ohio by gender, males vs. females, controlling for county-level per-capita income. Gender is coded as a dummy variable with 1=males, and 0 = females. The coefficient of this dummy variable is negative, and the coefficient of per-capita income is positive. Both coefficients are statistically significant. Based on this model, what is the interpretation of the coefficient of the dummy variable? 1.Vaccine coverage rates are lower among high income males than among high income females, but not for low income males vs. low income females 2.Vaccine coverage rates are lower among high income females than among high income males, but not for low income females vs. low income males. 3.Controlling for per-capita income, males have lower vaccine coverage rates than females. 4.Controlling for per-capita income, females have lower vaccine coverage rates than males. - CORRECT ANSWER 3.Controlling for per-capita income, males have lower vaccine coverage rates than females. A collaborative approach to research that equitably involves all partners in the research process and recognizes the strengths that each brings. For example, these partners could include community members, organizational representatives, and researchers. Please identify which of the following options best describes this type of research. 1.Ecological Study 2.Community Based Participatory Research 3.Theory of Reasoned Action 4.Randomized Community Trial - CORRECT ANSWER 2.Community Based Participatory Research Which term below refers to the concept of confirming conclusions from qualitative data through multiple data sources, multiple methods, multiple theories, or multiple data collectors. 1.Triangulation 2.Systematic Review 3.Data Cleaning 4.Meta-analysis - CORRECT ANSWER 1.Triangulation When making decisions, public health leaders face the ethical challenge of: 1.Ignoring the rights and liberties of those individuals affected by disease 2.Creating maximum benefit for all while minimizing individual harm 3.Maximizing resource expenditures 4.Demanding trust from health care providers serving patients - CORRECT ANSWER 2.Creating maximum benefit for all while minimizing individual harm A local public health department (LHD) must make significant budget cuts. Area managers are directed to review and compare current services, service utilization and cost to areas of need identified a recent community health needs assessment completed by the LHD. This approach, as a prelude to decision-making, is based on: nal assessment and strategic goals 2.External assessment and department policy review 3.Internal assessment and external assessment 4.Strategic planning and maximizing program efficiency. - CORRECT ANSWER 3.Internal assessment and external assessment That individuals are motivated to satisfy or pursue food, drink, or shelter before focusing on esteem or self-actualization is an example of which model? 1.Hierarchy of needs (Maslow) 2.Expectancy theory (Vroom) 3.Two-factor theory (Herzberg) 4.Theory X/Theory Y (McGregor) - CORRECT ANSWER 1.Hierarchy of needs (Maslow) Rocky Mountain spotted fever and Lyme disease are examples of diseases transmitted by: 1.Mosquitoes 2.Polluted water 3.Contaminated food 4.Ticks - CORRECT ANSWER 4.Ticks The U.S. Supreme Court interpreted the 10th amendment to the U.S. Constitution to give the states 'police powers' to pursue public health initiatives that protect general welfare, however differences in such initiatives persist across the states because: 1.Police powers prohibit states from defining standards of care and required the federal government to do so 2.Standards of care are implied by police powers but implementation is left to the states 3.Police powers permit each state the right to define and delegate authority and responsibility for public health services 4.States use police powers to fund public health services only through property taxes, and these vary from state to state - CORRECT ANSWER 3.Police powers permit each state the right to define and delegate authority and responsibility for public health services 4.States use police pow The term "nosocomial" refers to infections acquired in what place? 1.The patient's home 2.The patients's workplace 3.A hospital 4.Public transportation - CORRECT ANSWER 3.A hospital The objective of the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 and its equivalent at the State level is to: 1.Subject a proposed major project or action to a comprehensive environmental review study 2.Ensure that an important industrial project or action is constructed 3.Ensure that the environment is protected at all cost 4.Achieve sustainable development while relieving communities concerns - CORRECT ANSWER 1.Subject a proposed major project or action to a comprehensive environmental review study Which of the following practices enhances equity across populations when making health policy decisions in a community? 1.Requiring randomized control evidence of effectiveness 2.Allocating resources based on population size 3.Collecting health-related data about the individuals in the community 4.Including diverse constituencies in the decision-making groups - CORRECT ANSWER 4.Including diverse constituencies in the decision-making groups Determining whether to continue or modify but not terminate a program is a reasonable objective of a: tive evaluation tive evaluation. tative evaluation. itative evaluation - CORRECT ANSWER tive evaluation A supervisor asks three staff members to work together on developing and implementing a community health needs assessment. The supervisor has requested the final needs assessment to be completed in three weeks and after two and a half weeks, only two of the staff members have completed their sections. What would be the best way for the supervisor to give constructive feedback to the staff member who has not completed their assignment? 1.Point out all the issues they have had with this staff member's performance to-date. 2.Prepare by developing a "feedback sandwich" approach with two reinforcing statements surrounding a corrective statement. 3.Give feedback to the staff member as the supervisor catches them on their way into the office. 4.Hold the entire team accountable in group meeting. - CORRECT ANSWER 2.Prepare by developing a "feedback sandwich" approach with two reinforcing statements surrounding a corrective statement. In an effort to improve a research center's public image, the director commits to securing additional funding for faculty whose research has significant measurable community impact. This leadership style can be described as: 1.Transactional 2.Transformational 3.Passive-avoidant 4.Autocratic - CORRECT ANSWER 1.Transactional Income, interpersonal stress, and education level are all examples of ____________, which determine the overall health, and quality of life of our communities. 1.Physical determinants 2.Spatial determinants 3.Environmental determinants 4.Social determinants - CORRECT ANSWER 4.Social determinants An understaffed city health department submits an annual budget to it's city leadership; including a request for an additional 6.0 FTE positions. This budget includes the funding request but no accompanying narrative and was submitted despite the City Manager's request for each department to avoid any funding increases in their requests. When asked about this, the department responds by: 1.Submitting another budget with no new positions. 2.Asking another department to decrease their budget by 6.0 FTE positions. 3.Provide information to justify the increased number of positions. 4.Reaching out to the media to gain citizen support for the new positions. - CORRECT ANSWER 3.Provide information to justify the increased number of positions. Policy analysis when designing public health programs is: ves a straightforward statistical analysis of health and public polling data. 2.a subjective political task accomplished by legislative debate and trade-offs. ex, involving data collection and clarification of objectives. sible to define because different policy areas require different approaches. - CORRECT ANSWER ex, involving data collection and clarification of objectives. The best example of community engagement and empowerment refers to which of the following? 1.Teaching community members how to best communicate with providers 2.Conducting health needs and assets assessment with communities and sharing the information 3.Teaching self-determination to community members 4.Reciprocal transfer of knowledge and skills among all collaborators and community partners - CORRECT ANSWER 4.Reciprocal transfer of knowledge and skills among all collaborators and community partners Effective policy dialogue facilitators: the policy dialogue process over its outcome. an outcome over the policy dialogue process. y engage in preparatory stages before panels meet. ate rather than interpose with questions. - CORRECT ANSWER the policy dialogue process over its outcome. Which of the following is the least acceptable method for making drinking water available in an emergency situation? 1.Using a tank truck to deliver water from a potable source 2.Using a community tap connected to a potable source 3.Pumping water from an uncontaminated aquifer 4.Pumping water directly from a river - CORRECT ANSWER 4.Pumping water directly from a river As a first step in public health emergency preparedness, jurisdictions should: 1.Ask a local government leader what will be expected of them. 2.Outsource public health emergency preparedness responsibilities. 3.Self-assess their ability to address resource elements for each preparedness capability and then assess their ability to demonstrate the functions associated with each capability. 4.Design and conduct at least one table-top exercise. - CORRECT ANSWER 3.Self-assess their ability to address resource elements for each preparedness capability and then assess their ability to demonstrate the functions associated with each capability. Which of the following survey items best assesses an individual's socioeconomic status in terms of increasing validity and response rate? 1.Income in the past month 2.Highest level of education attained 3.Eligibility for public assistance 4.Perception of economic insecurity - CORRECT ANSWER 4.Perception of economic insecurity An appropriately tailored intervention message most importantly should: 1.Take into account characteristics of the target population 2.Be designed through community organizational strategies 3.Meet the criteria established by the funding agency 4.Be designed and tested by colleagues and experts in the field - CORRECT ANSWER 1.Take into account characteristics of the target population SMART objectives are: , manageable, active, ready, and timely tific, management-oriented, affirmative, rational and testable le, market-based, action-oriented, reliable and trendy fic, measurable, achievable, realistic and time bound - CORRECT ANSWER fic, measurable, achievable, realistic and time bound A short narrative or statement that describes the general focus and purpose of a program is called: 1.A mission statement 2.A long-term goal 3.A long-range plan 4.An objective - CORRECT ANSWER 1.A mission statement What is an evaluation designed to present conclusions about whether a program should be sustained, changed, or eliminated? 1.Formative evaluation 2.Implementation evaluation 3.Process evaluation 4.Summative evaluation - CORRECT ANSWER 4.Summative evaluation The local health jurisdiction is seeking governmental funding to address breast cancer which has a lower incidence rate in group X than in group Y, though group X has a higher mortality rate. This is an example of: 1.Health disparity 2.Harm reduction 3.Modifiable risk factors 4.Life expectancy - CORRECT ANSWER 1.Health disparity Facilitation takes work and in a meeting of multiple stakeholders it becomes important for the facilitator to prioritize his or her role. Above all the facilitator should: 1.Be neutral 2.Focus on the content 3.Take notes 4.Listen to the active speakers - CORRECT ANSWER 1.Be neutral In this era of personalized medicine, a growing number of biomarkers are becoming readily available to individuals. Which of the following presents the greatest ethical concerns? 1.Cancer biomarkers (e.g. specific gene mutations or elevated expression levels) 2.Direct to consumer family heritage genomic analysis services 3.Blood typing 4.Newborn Cystic Fibrosis screening - CORRECT ANSWER 2.Direct to consumer family heritage genomic analysis services Can a state public health agency authorize its employees to use or donate frequent flyer miles for personal travel that were acquired during state business travel? 1.Yes, there is no ethical violation in allowing a government employee to keep frequent flyer miles for personal use or to specify their preferred airline for business travel. 2.Yes, there is no ethical violation in allowing a government employee to keep frequent flyer miles for personal use, but they cannot specify their own preferred airline for business travel. 3.No, this would violate the "de minimis" use of government resources so any frequent flyer miles acquired during business travel must be retained by the government agency. 4.No, this would violate several ethical constructs, so any participation in frequent flyer programs during government service must be prohibited. - CORRECT ANSWER 2.Yes, there is no ethical violation in allowing a government employee to keep frequent flyer miles for personal use, but they cannot specify their own preferred airline for business travel. In low resource countries during an outbreak, what simple, low-tech sanitation measure can dramatically reduce the spread of enteric bacteria and viruses? 1.Disposing of stagnant water 2.Sleeping under an insecticide-soaked bednet 3.Vaccination of those individuals who work on the water supply 4.Add chlorine to water storage containers - CORRECT ANSWER 4.Add chlorine to water storage containers Which of the following is an expected benefit of consolidating independent hospitals and provider groups into an integrated health care system? 1.Economies of scale in production 2.Lower costs of integration 3.Ease of accommodating diverse organizational cultures 4.Immediate gains in administrative efficiency - CORRECT ANSWER 1.Economies of scale in production In the planning process, the group being served is referred to as the: 1.Pilot population 2.Key informants 3.General population 4.Priority population - CORRECT ANSWER 4.Priority population The biggest change in competencies for public health career professionals circa 2019 is increased emphasis in epidemiology and biostatistics course hours for entry to practice emphasis on 'soft' skills for leading teams and on integration across technical skills ate lists of competency items for public health analysts versus program managers 4.a stronger focus on management and fiscal oversight - CORRECT ANSWER emphasis on 'soft' skills for leading teams and on integration across technical skills May a state officer or employee of a regulatory agency concurrently conduct an outside (private) business or accept outside employment? 1.Yes, provided the outside business activity is unrelated to the area that he or she regulates. 2.No, any outside business engagement gives the appearance of unacceptable conflict of interest. 3.Perhaps, but only if the outside business engagement is approved by the agency's head. 4.There is no clear ethical standard - this is more a question of ability to manage both schedules. - CORRECT ANSWER 1.Yes, provided the outside business activity is unrelated to the area that he or she regulates. Informed consent should avoid inclusion of: and benefits ical jargon ct information se - CORRECT ANSWER ical jargon Public health actions frequently involve a balancing of individual rights vs. the good of the community. Where that balance is struck is based on: 1.Explicit direction found in the Nation's Constitution 2.Societal values 3.Science 4.Deontological principles - CORRECT ANSWER 2.Societal values Which of the following characteristics is true for a prospective (or concurrent) cohort study, but not true for a retrospective (or historical) cohort study? 1.They are good for rare exposures 2.Exposed and unexposed groups are followed over time disease outcome has not yet occurred when the study begins 4.Incidence rates can be calculated for exposure groups - CORRECT ANSWER disease outcome has not yet occurred when the study begins