Neonatal and Pediatric Respiratory Care Chapters 1 – 4 TEST BANK 2023

The bronchial tree develops by week ____ of intrauterine life. - 16 After birth the alveoli develop in increasing numbers until the age of __ __________ and increase in size until growth of the chest wall is finished. - 8 years How many alveoli does the full-term infant have? How many will she add? How much will the alveolar survace increase in this time? - 50 million, 250 million, 3 to 70 m2 How many different cell types are found in the lungs? - More than 40 Name the five phases of lung development. - - Embryonal - Pseudoglandular - Canalicular - Saccular - Alveolar Elvis Presley Can't Sing Anymore (he's dead, get it?) What is the time of occurrence for the embryonal phase of lung development? - 26 days to 52 days What is the time of occurrence for the pseudoglandular phase of lung development? - Day 52 to week 16 What is the time of occurrence for the canalicular phase of lung development? - Week 16 to week 26 What is the time of occurrence for the saccular phase of lung development? - Week 26 to week 36 What is the time of occurrence for the alveolar phase of lung development? - Week 36 to term What is the significance of the embryonal phase of lung development? - Development of trachea and major bronchi What is the significance of the pseudoglandular phase of lung development? - Development of remaining conducting airways What is the significance of the canalicular phase of lung development? - Development of vascular bed and framework of respiratory acini What is the significance of the saccular phase of lung development? - Increased complexity of saccules What is the significance of the alveolar phase of lung development? - Development of alveoli From where does the lung begin to emerge as a bud and in what phase does this occur? - The pharynx, embryonal phase (day 26) The lung bud elongates and forms: - two bronchial buds and the trachea (embryonal phase) The bronchial buds and the trachea separate from the esophagus through the development of the: - Tracheoesophageal septum (embryonal phase) What mediates the morphogenesis of the tubular epithelium during the embryonic phase? - Various growth factors and fibroblasts During the embryonic phase, the morphogenesis of the tubular epithelium results in branching, ____ on the right and __ on the left. - 10, 9 Left and right pulmonary veins develop at about week __. - 5 (embryonal phase) Within the embryonal phase, the respiratory epithelium develops from an area of the endoderm known as the ______________ ______. - Foregut bud What are the layers of the primary germ layers from innermost to outermost? - - Endoderm - Mesoderm - Ectoderm During which phase does the diaphragm occur and when is complete development seen? - Embryonic, week 7 In which phase of lung development do we see extensive subdivision of the conducting airways? - Pseudoglandular During which phase of lung development do we see the development of the gas-exchanging part of the lung, consisting of the pulmonary acini, or terminal respiratory units? - Pseudoglandular During which phase of lung development do various growth factors and chemical mediators begin to differentiate the primordial tracheal epithelium into respiratory type II cells required for alveolar development? - Pseudoglandular