CCI CCT Exam Study Guide with Complete Solutions

epicardium - ANSWER-outer protective layer of the heart. Made of loose connective tissue including elastic fibers. Myocardium - ANSWER-muscular, middle layer of the heart, forms a thick middle layer between the outer layer of the heart wall. endocardium - ANSWER-Inner most layer of the heart. Smooth muscle. right atrium - ANSWER-receives deoxygenated blood from the body through the vena cava and pumps it into the right ventricle which then sends it to the lungs to be oxygenated. left atrium - ANSWER-receives oxygenated blood from the lungs through the pulmonary veins right ventricle - ANSWER-pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs through the pulmonary artery pulmonary valve - ANSWER-valve between the right ventricle and pulmonary artery, has 3 cusps. aortic valve - ANSWER-The semilunar valve separating the aorta from the left ventricle that prevents blood from flowing back into the left ventricle. Has 3 cusps. mitral valve - ANSWER-located between the left atrium and left ventricle, prevents backflow of blood the the left atrium when the left ventricle contracts. Has 2 flaps. Bicuspid valve or left atrioventricular valve. tricuspid valve - ANSWER-A valve that is situated at the opening of the right atrium of the heart into the right ventricle and that resembles the mitral valve in structure but has 3 cusps. Venules - ANSWER-small vessels that gather blood from the capillaries into the veins. Allows deoxygenated blood to return from capillary beds to larger blood vessels called veins. Capillaries - ANSWER-any of the fine branching blood vessels that form a network between the arterioles and venules. Transfers oxygen and other nutrients from bloodstream to other tissues in the body. Veins - ANSWER-blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart. All veins, with the exception of the pulmonary veins, carry blood containing carbon dioxide and other waste products. The pulmonary veins carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart. Arterioles - ANSWER-Small branch of an artery leading into capillaries. Involved in the regulation of arterial blood pressure as well as blood flow within the organ. Arteries - ANSWER-Blood vessels that carry oxygen-rich blood away from the heart Aortic pulse pressure - ANSWER-systolic pressure - diastolic pressure. The maximal change in aortic pressure during systole, from the time aortic valve opens until peak aortic pressure is attained. Heart size - ANSWER-Weighs around 250grams. 12cm in length & 8 to 9 cm in width & 6 cm thick. blood pressure - ANSWER-the pressure that is exerted by the blood against the walls of blood vessels pulse pressure - ANSWER-difference between systolic and diastolic pressure. Is regulated by by stroke volume & elasticity of arteries. Pulse pressure indicates force of contraction of ventricles as well as flexibility of artery wall.