TOCO EXAM
I. Sustainability in general
→ Triple bottom line: it is a framework or theory that reommends that comapnies commit to focus on
social and environmental concerns just as they do on profits. Instead of one bottom line, there should
be three: profit, people and the planet.
→ Sustainable development goals (UN)
1. Clean Water and Sanitation
2. Affordable and Clean Energy
3. Decent Work and Economic Growth
4. Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure
5. Sustainable Cities and Communities
6. Responsible Consumption and Production
A collection of 17 global goals designed to be a "blueprint to achieve a better and more sustainable
future for all". The SDGs, set in 2015 by the United Nations General Assembly and intended to be
achieved by the year 2030.
→ Paris agreement 2015: Climate change agreement signed in Paris at the climate summit in 2015.
States have agreed to keep global warming below 2°.
, → Visitor management: Designed to control the expected impact due to visitors in a given
environment.
→ Carrying capacity: The maximum number of people that may visit a tourist destination at the same
time, without causing destruction of the physical, economic, socio-cultural environment and an
unacceptable decrease in the quality of visitors' satisfaction.
Challenges: needs limits, changes over time (seasonal, time of day, is scientific but also subjective)
→ Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR): Corporate social responsibility (CSR) is a self-regulating
business model that helps a company be socially accountable—to itself, its stakeholders, and the
public. By practicing corporate social responsibility, also called corporate citizenship, companies
can be conscious of the kind of impact they are having on all aspects of society, including economic,
social, and environmental . Through CSR programs, philanthropy, and volunteer efforts, businesses
can benefit society while boosting their brands.
→ Certification: the action or process of providing someone or something with an official document
attesting to a status or level of achievement. Sustainability standards and certifications are voluntary
guidelines used by producers, manufacturers, traders, retailers, and service providers to demonstrate
their commitment to good environmental, social, ethical, and food safety practices. There are over
400 such standards across the world.
→ Overtourism: occurs when there are too many visitors to a particular destination. Indicates the
overcrowding of tourists on a holiday destination.
Causes of overtourism: More than 1.4 billion people are moving around the world every year, and
they are growing at an exponential rate. The World Tourism Organisation predicts that by 2030 the
international flow of tourists will exceed 2 billion.
o Airbnb thousands of beds have been made available without needing any kind of planning or
permit
o Availability of cheap flights
o Cruise tourism
I. Sustainability in general
→ Triple bottom line: it is a framework or theory that reommends that comapnies commit to focus on
social and environmental concerns just as they do on profits. Instead of one bottom line, there should
be three: profit, people and the planet.
→ Sustainable development goals (UN)
1. Clean Water and Sanitation
2. Affordable and Clean Energy
3. Decent Work and Economic Growth
4. Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure
5. Sustainable Cities and Communities
6. Responsible Consumption and Production
A collection of 17 global goals designed to be a "blueprint to achieve a better and more sustainable
future for all". The SDGs, set in 2015 by the United Nations General Assembly and intended to be
achieved by the year 2030.
→ Paris agreement 2015: Climate change agreement signed in Paris at the climate summit in 2015.
States have agreed to keep global warming below 2°.
, → Visitor management: Designed to control the expected impact due to visitors in a given
environment.
→ Carrying capacity: The maximum number of people that may visit a tourist destination at the same
time, without causing destruction of the physical, economic, socio-cultural environment and an
unacceptable decrease in the quality of visitors' satisfaction.
Challenges: needs limits, changes over time (seasonal, time of day, is scientific but also subjective)
→ Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR): Corporate social responsibility (CSR) is a self-regulating
business model that helps a company be socially accountable—to itself, its stakeholders, and the
public. By practicing corporate social responsibility, also called corporate citizenship, companies
can be conscious of the kind of impact they are having on all aspects of society, including economic,
social, and environmental . Through CSR programs, philanthropy, and volunteer efforts, businesses
can benefit society while boosting their brands.
→ Certification: the action or process of providing someone or something with an official document
attesting to a status or level of achievement. Sustainability standards and certifications are voluntary
guidelines used by producers, manufacturers, traders, retailers, and service providers to demonstrate
their commitment to good environmental, social, ethical, and food safety practices. There are over
400 such standards across the world.
→ Overtourism: occurs when there are too many visitors to a particular destination. Indicates the
overcrowding of tourists on a holiday destination.
Causes of overtourism: More than 1.4 billion people are moving around the world every year, and
they are growing at an exponential rate. The World Tourism Organisation predicts that by 2030 the
international flow of tourists will exceed 2 billion.
o Airbnb thousands of beds have been made available without needing any kind of planning or
permit
o Availability of cheap flights
o Cruise tourism
